Domestic Violence: Anti-Violence against Women and their Children Act (RA9262) (2004)

Mainly due to advocacy of womens groups, the Philippines has enacted progressive laws protecting women from domestic violence, sexual violence and trafficking, with marital rape even included as part of the anti-rape law.
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Domestic Violence: Anti-Violence against Women and their Children Act (RA9262) (2004)

However, implementation of these laws remains a problem. While these laws and policies exist, however, barriers remain in fully enabling justice to women who experience domestic violence, rape, sexual harassment, trafficking, and other forms of violence.
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Domestic Violence: Anti-Violence against Women and their Children Act (RA9262) (2004)
Moreover, gender-based violence, particularly to women, remains a serious problem in the country. In 2009, the number of violence against women cases reported to the police (9.485 cases) increased by 37.4% from the 2008 report. qPhysical injuries and/or wife battering remains as the most prevalent type from 19972009, accounting for 45.5% of all reported VAW cases. qViolation of the Anti-VAWC Action ranked second (17.8%), rape cases third (13.1%), and acts of lasciviousness fourth (8.1%) of total reported cases from 1999 to 2009.
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Abuse and Violence Presented by:

Click to edit Master subtitle style

Group A

Definition of Terms Abuse

Wrongful use and maltreatment of another person.

Violence Exertion of physical force so as to injure or abuse(Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

Encompasses spouse battering; neglect and physical, emotional or sexual abuse of children; elder abuse and marital rape.
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Family Violence

In violent families, the home, which is normally a safe haven of love and protection, may be the most dangerous place for victims.
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Characteristics of Violent Families

Social Isolation Abuse of Power & Control Alcohol & other Drug Abuse Intergenerational transmission process

Members of the family keep to themselves and usually do not invite others into home or tell them what is happening.
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Social Isolation

Often, abusers threaten victims with even greater harm if they reveal the secret..They may tell children that a parent, sibling or pet will die if anyone outside the family learns of abuse. So children keep the secret out of fear, which prevents others from the interfering with private family business
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Social Isolation

Abuse of Power and Control The abusive family member

almost always holds a position of power & control over the victim (child, spouse, or elderly parent). qThe abuser does not only exerts physical power but also economic and social control.

Abuse of Power and Control The abuser is often the only

family member who makes the decisions, spends money or spends time outside the home with other people.

the victim, often by using threats & emotional manipulation.

Abuse of Power and Control The abuser belittles & blames

Alcohol & other Drug Abuse 50-90% of men batter their

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domestic partners have a history of substance abuse qUp to 50% of women who have been abused seek refuge in alcohol. (ABA Commission on Domestic Violence in 2002).

Alcohol & other Drug Abuse Although alcohol may not cause
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the abuse, many researchers believe that alcohol may diminish inhibitions & make violent behavior more intense or frequent.

Alcohol & other Drug Abuse in Alcohol is also cited as a factor

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acquaintance or date rape.

Intergenerational Transmission Process

Shows that patterns of violence are perpetuated from one generation to the next through role modeling & social learning. qIt suggests that family violence is a learned patterned of behavior.
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Spouse or Partner Abuse

Is the mistreatment or misuse of one person by another in the context of an intimate relationship.
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Abuse can be in the form of emotional or psychological abuse.

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Spouse or Partner Abuse

Psychological Abuse qIncludes name calling, belittling, screaming, yelling, destroying property and making threats as well as subtler from such as refusing to speak or to ignoring the victim.

Spouse or Partner Abuse

Physical Abuse qRanges from showing and pushing to severe battering and choking and may involve broken limbs & ribs, internal bleeding, brain damage and even homicide.

Spouse or Partner Abuse

Sexual Abuse qIncludes assaults during sexual relations such as biting nipples, pulling hair, slapping and hitting and rape.

Spouse or Partner Abuse

Sexual Abuse qIncludes assaults during sexual relations such as biting nipples, pulling hair, slapping and hitting and rape.

Cycle of Abuse & Violence

Child Abuse
Intentional injury of a child q Includes physical abuse or injuries, neglect or failure to prevent harm, failure to provide adequate physical or emotional care o supervision, abandonment , sexual assault or intrusion and overt torture or maiming.
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Types of Child Abuse

Physical Abuse qOften results from unreasonably severe corporal punishment or unjustifiable punishment such as hitting an infant for crying or soiling his diapers.

Types of Child Abuse

Sexual Abuse qInvolves sexual acts performed by an adult to a child younger than 18 years old. qIncludes incest, rape and Sodomy; Exploitation such as making, promoting or selling pornography.

Types of Child Abuse

Neglect q malicious or ignorant withholding of physical, emotional or educational necessities for the childs well-being. qMost prevalent type of maltreatment; includes refusal to seek health care or delay doing so, abandonment, inadequate supervision; reckless disregard for childs safety, etc.

Types of Child Abuse

Psychological Abuse q includes verbal assaults, such as blaming, screaming , name-calling and using sarcasm; constant family discord characterized by fighting, yelling, and chaos and emotional deprivation or withholding affection, nurturing and normal experiences that engender acceptance, love, security and elf-worth.

Elder Abuse
Maltreatment of older adults by family member or caregivers. q May include physical and sexual abuse, psychological abuse, nglect or self-neglect, financial exploitation and denial of adequate medical treatment.
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Rape

Rape

is

a crime if violence and humiliation of the victim expressed through sexual means. -is perpetration of an act of sexual intercourse with a female against her will and without her consent, whether her will is overcome by force, fear of force, drugs or intoxicants. -it is also considered rape if the woman is incapable of exercising rational judgment because of mental deficiency or when she is younger than the age of consent(which varies among states from 14-18 years (van der Kolk, 2005)

Rape

Rape

The crime of rape require only slight penetration of the outer vulva; full erection an ejaculation are not necessary. qForced acts of fellatio and anal penetration, although they frequently accompany rape, are legally considered sodomy. qThe woman who is raped also may be physically beaten and injured.
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Rape

Rape

It can occur between strangers, acquaintances married persons, and person with the same sex, although seven stats define domestic violence in a way that excludes same-sex victims. qAlmost 2/3 of rapes are committed by someone known to the victim(RAINN, 2009). qA phenomenon called date rape(acquaintance rape) may occur on a first date , on a ride home on a party, or when two people have known each other for some time. It is more prevalent near college and university campuses
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Rape

Common Myths About Rape

Rape
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Rape is about having sex When a woman submits to rape, she really wants it to happen Women who dress provocatively are asking or trouble Some woman like rough sex but later call it rape Once a man is aroused by a woman, he cannot stop his actions. Walking alone at night is an invitation for rape. Rape cannot happen between persons who are married. Rape is exciting for some women.

Common Myths About Rape

Rape

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Rape occurs only between heterosexual couples If a woman has an orgasm, it cant be rape Rape is a crime of passion Rape happens spontaneously

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Is a disturbing pattern of behaviour demonstrated by someone who has experienced a traumatic event such as a natural disaster, combat, or assault. The person PTSD was exposed to an event that posed a threat of death or serious injury and responded with intense fear, helplessness or terror.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Three cluster of symptoms are present:

Reliving the event Avoiding reminding of the event.

Being guard or experience hyperarousal.

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

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The person persistently reexperiences the trauma through memories, dreams, flashbacks or reactions to external cues about the event and therefore avoids stimuli associated with the trauma. The victims feels a numbing of general responsiveness and shows persistent signs of increased arousal such as insomnia, hyperarousal or hypervigilance, irritability, or angry outburst.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

He or she reports losing sense of connection and control over his or her life, in PYSD, the symptoms occur in 3 month or more after the trauma, which distinguishes PTSD from acute stress disorder.
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Major Symptoms of PTSD:

Recurrent, intrusive, distressing memories of the event Nightmares Flashbacks Avoidance of thoughts, feelings, or conversations associated with the trauma Inability to recall important aspects of trauma Marked decrease in interest or participation in

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Major symptoms of PTSD:

Restricted range of affect Sense of foreshortened future Difficulty falling or staying asleep Irritability or anger outbursts Difficulty concentrating Hypervigilance Exaggerated startle response

Dissociative Disorder
Dissociation is a subconscious defense mechanism that helps a person protect his or her self from recognizing he full effects of some horrific or traumatic event by allowing the mind to forget or remove itself from the painful situation or memory, occur both during and after the event. As with any other protective coping mechanism, dissociating becomes easier with repeated use.

Dissociative Disorder
Have essential feature of a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity or environmental perception. qThis often interferes with the persons relationships, ability to function in daily life, and ability to cope with the realities of the abusive or traumatic event.
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Dissociative Disorder
This disturbance varies greatly in intensity in different people, and the onset may be sudden or gradual, transient or chronic. Dissociative symptoms are seen in clients with PTSD.
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Different Types of Dissociative Disorder

Dissociative Amnesia: The client cannot remember important personal information

Dissociative Fugue: the client has episodes of suddenly leaving the home or place of work without any explanation, travelling to another city, and being unable to remember his or her past or identity. He may assume a new identity.

Different Types of Dissociative Disorder

Dissociative identity (formerly multiple personality disorder) The client displays two or more distinct identities or personality states that currently take control of his or her behaviour. This is accompanied by the inability to recall important personal information.

Different Types of Dissociative Disorder

Depersonalization disorder the client has a persistent or recurrent feeling of being detached from his or her mental processes or body this is accompanied by intact reality testing; that is, the client is not psychotic or out of touch with reality.

Different Types of Dissociative Disorder

Presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states At least two identities recurrently taking control of the persons behaviour Inability to recall important personal information: more extensive than ordinary forgetfulness Symptoms not related to any substance use or medical condition.

Treatment and Intervention

group or individual therapy in the community to address the long term effects of their experiences.
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy
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Treatment and Intervention

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focus on re-association or putting the consciousness back together.

paroxetine(PAXIL) and sertraline (zoloft)

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medication for anxiety or depression or both if these symptoms are predominant.

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Thank You