OVERVIEW

Introduction to Plants & Botany

Plant Physiology

PLANTS

Plants, also called green plants, are living organisms of the kingdom Plantae including such multicellular groups as flowering plants, conifers, ferns and mosses, as well as, depending on definition

SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Source of information Phenomena that can be studied Constancy and universality Basis

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
It is the branch of science that deals with plant functions the dynamic processes that account for plant life. Significance: plant growth, metabolism and reproduction Plant structures: cellular, tissues and organ levels

CHARACTERISTICS

1. Plants

are photoautotrophic and non-motile organisms 2. Basis functional structure of plants 3. Plant bioenergetics (Physical and chemical laws)

4. Plants metabolism 5. Plants must have a means of storing and using information 6. Plants reproduce 7. Genetic information 8. Plants must survive in their environment 9. Plants are highly integrated organisms 10. Plants interaction

DEFINITION
Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology of plants. Closely related fields include: Plant morphology (structure of plants), Plant ecology (interactions with the environment), Phytochemistry ( biochemistry of plants), Cell biology, and Molecular biology

DEFINITION: FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES SUCH A:

Photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, Tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorhogenesis, Circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, Seed germination, dormancy and stomata function and transpiration, both part of plant water relations, are studied by plant physiologists.

SCOPE OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

The field of plant physiology includes the study of all the internal activities of plantsthose chemical and physical processes associated with life as they occur in plants. This includes study at many levels of scale of size and time. At the smallest scale are molecular interactions of photosynthesis and internal diffusion of water, minerals, and nutrients. At the largest scale are the processes of plant development, seasonality, dormancy, and reproductive control.

Scope of Plant Physiology

Major subdisciplines of plant physiology include:

Phytochemistry (the study of the biochemistry of plants) and phytopathology (the study of disease in plants).

Scope of Plant Physiology

The scope of plant physiology as a discipline may be divided into several major areas of research.

BIOCHEMISTRY OF PLANTS
The list of simple ELEMENTS of which plants are primarily constructed carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, phosphorous, etc. The fundamental atomic components of plants are the same as for all life; only the details of the way in which they are assembled differs.

BIOCHEMISTRY OF PLANTS
Properties: 1. Pigments are used by plants to absorb or detect light, and are extracted by humans for use in dyes. Other plant products may be used for the manufacture of commercially important rubber or biofuel. 2. Plants with pharmacological activity, such as: salicylic acid (aspirin), morphine, and digitalis.

MACRONUTRIENTS. ELEMENT FORM OF UPTAKE NOTES (NECESSARY IN LARGE QUANTITIES)

NITROGEN NO3, NH4+ Nucleic acids, proteins, hormones, etc. OXYGEN O2 H2O Cellulose, starch, other organic compounds CARBON CO2 Cellulose, starch, other organic compounds HYDROGEN H2O Cellulose, starch, other organic compounds POTASSIUM K+ Cofactor in protein synthesis, water balance, etc. CALCIUM Ca2+ Membrane synthesis and stabilization MAGNESIUM Mg2+ Element essential for chlorophyll PHOSPHORUS H2PO4 Nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP SULFURE SO42 Constituent of proteins and coenzymes

MICRONUTRIENTS. ELEMENT FORM OF UPTAKE NOTES (NECESSARY IN SMALL QUANTITIES)

CHLORINE Cl- Photosystem II and stomata function IRON Fe2+, Fe3+ Chorophyll formation BORON HBO3 Crosslinking pectin MANGANESE Mn2+ Activity of some enzymes ZINC Zn2+ Involved in the synthesis of enzymes & chlorophyll COPPER Cu+ Enzymes for lignin synthesis MOLYBDENUM MoO42- Nitrogen fixation, reduction of nitrates NICKEL Ni2+ Enzymatic cofactor in the metabolism of nitrogen compounds

EVOLUTION OF PLANTS

EARLIEST CELLS

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