ECIV 320 Structural Analysis I

Deflections
Deflection Diagrams & Elastic Curve
ASSUMPTION
Linear Elastic Material Response
A structure subjected to a load will return to its original
undeformed position after load is removed
Double Integration Method
Moment Area Theorems
Conjugate Beam
Energy Methods
OBJECTIVE
Calculate Slope and Deflection due to Bending at any point on a Beam
METHODS
Last Time - Conjugate Beam Method
Same amount of Computations as Moment-Area Theorems
Use to find slopes and deflection due to
bending of beams
Method is based on
Principles of Statics Only
Energy Methods
Double Integration Method
Moment Area Theorems
Conjugate Beam
Energy Methods
Calculate Slope and Deflection
Beams
Simple Loadings
Complicated Loadings
Trusses
Frames
External Work & Strain Energy
U
e
=U
i
Work of External
Forces & Moments
Strain Energy
Internal Forces
Conservation of Energy
(Elastic Material Behavior)
External Work
Force
}
=
x
e
Fdx U
0
Gradually Applied
A = P U
e
2
1
External Work
}
=
x
e
Fdx U
0
Due to Another Force
'
A = P U
e
External Work
Moment
}
=
0
0
0
Md U
e
Gradually Applied
0 M U
e
2
1
=
Due to Another Moment
'
0 M U
e
=
Strain Energy- Axial Force
Hookes Law:
Stress:
Strain:
Final Deflection:
AE
L N
N U
i
2 2
1
2
= A =
c o E =
A N = o
L A = c
AE
NL
= A
N
Strain Energy - Bending
EI
M
dx
d
=
0
dx
EI
M
Md dU
i
2 2
1
2
= = 0
}
=
L
i
dx
EI
M
U
0
2
2
Example
Principle of Virtual Work
Bernoulli 1717
External and Internal Loads are Related through
Equations of Equilibrium
External and Internal Displacements are Related through
Equations of Compatibility
Principle of Virtual Work
Principle of Virtual Work
Virtual Work

= A udL 1
Virtual
Loads
Real
Displ.
Virtual Work for Trusses - External Loads
AE NL dL / =

= A udL 1
Virtual
Loads
Real
Displ.
u=n

= A
AE
nNL
1
Virtual Work for Trusses - Temperature
TL a dL A =

= A udL 1
Virtual
Loads
Real
Displ.
u=n

A = A L T na 1
Virtual Work for Trusses - Fabrication Errors
L dL A =

= A udL 1
Virtual
Loads
Real
Displ.
u=n

A = A L n 1
Virtual Work for Trusses - Combined Effects

A + A + = A L n L T na
AE
nNL
1
Example
Step 1
Remove ALL External Loads
Apply Virtual (Unit) Load in the Direction of
the Unknown Displacement
Calculate Internal Forces n
Step 2
Apply REAL Loads
Calculate Internal Forces N
Step 3
Virtual Work Equation

A + A + = A L n L T na
AE
nNL
1
0
Solution
0
0
0.75
-1.25
1
0
80
120
-100
80
0.009
6
8
6
10
8
58,000
58,000
58,000
43,500
58,000
0.029
0.011
0.049
0
0
0
0
0
0
7.2e-4 7.2e-4
7.2e-4
Virtual Work for Beams and Frames - BENDING
dx
EI
M
d dL = = 0

= A udL 1
Virtual
Loads
Real
Displ.
Virtual Work for Beams and Frames - BENDING

= A udL 1
Virtual
Loads
Real
Displ.
u=m
}
= A
L
dx
x EI
x M x m
0
) (
) ( ) (
1
Virtual Work for Beams and Frames - BENDING
dx
EI
M
d dL = = 0

= A udL 1
Virtual
Loads
Real
Displ.
u=m
}
= A
L
dx
x EI
x M x m
0
) (
) ( ) (
1
Virtual Work for Beams and Frames - BENDING
dx
EI
M
d dL = = 0

= dL u
0
0 1
Virtual
Loads
Real
Displ.
u=m
u
}
=
L
dx
x EI
x M x m
0
) (
) ( ) (
1
0
0
To Calculate Slope
u
1