Brayton Cycle

KOMPRESSOR

How Does it Work? Cont.

Exhaust Gas

Ambient Air In Shaft

Compressor Inlet

Turbine Exit

KOMPRESSOR

KOMPRESSOR
Alat yang dipakai untuk menaikkan tekanan udara dengan cara memampatkan volumenya. Dilihat dari cara kerjanya, ada beberapa tipe kompressor: 1. Kompressor torak a. kerja tunggal b. kerja ganda 2. Kompressor Rotary

Tipe kompressor

dynamic compressor

displacement compressor

ejector

centrifugalturbo

axial-turbo

rotary

reciprocating

single-rotor

double-rotor

trunk vane liquid ring helical screw rotary blower

crosshead

freepiston

labyrinth

diaphragm

What is compressed air?

grid system user

Compressed air is ...

... compressed atmospheric air ... a mixture of gases ... compressible ... an energy carrier
Proportional relationship between pressure, temperature und volume:

Power station

transformer

air main Air centre user air treatment

still valid:

Physical laws
COMPRESSED AIR is atmospheric air under pressure. That means energy is stored in the air. When the compressed air expands again this energy is released as WORK.

Components of air
oxygen 21% other gasses 1%

78% nitrogen

Atmospheric pressure...
...is generated by the weight of the atmosphere. It is dependent on the DENSITY of the air and the height: The normal atmospheric pressure at sea level is 1.013 bar (760 mmHg (Torr))

Tekanan

Pressure (p) =

Force (F) Area (A)

Equivalents
105 Pa 1 MPa = = 1 bar 10 bar

1 Pascal (Pa) =

1 Newton (N) 1 m (A)

1 hPa

0,001 bar

Gauge pressure 1 bar = 14,5 psi(g) 1 bar = 10197 mmWC

A = 1 m2

1 bar

750,062 Torr

Simbol simbol
Some graphical symbols
for pneumatic systems ( ISO 1219):
Double-acting cylinder Silencer Cooler

Compressor

Safety valve

Pressure measurement - pressure gauge

Temperature measurement - thermometer

Filter or strainer

for logical circuits:

AND function NOT function

OR function

TURBO KOMPRESSOR

INTERCOOLER

ROTARY

Kompresor rotary mempunyai rotor dalam satu tempat dengan piston dan memberikan pengeluaran kontinyu bebas denyutan. Kompresor beroperasi pada kecepatan tinggi dan umumnya menghasilkan hasil keluaran yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kompresor reciprocating. Biaya investasinya rendah, bentuknya kompak, ringan dan mudah perawatannya, sehingga kompresor ini sangat popular di industri. Biasanya digunakan dengan ukuran 30 sampai 200 hp atau 22 sampai 150 kW.

Jenis dari kompresor putar adalah: Kompresor lobe (roots blower ) Kompresor ulir Jenis baling-baling putar/baling-baling luncur, ring cairan dan jenis gulungan.

ROTOR

SCREW KOMPRESSOR

Advantages of CompAir screw compressors Compressed air generation with two rotating screws

symmetrical profile asymmetric profile

The world renowned

Keuntungan screw compressor

Advantages of CompAir screw compressors Fluid injection

First task: Second task: Third task: Fourth task
heat transfer, discharge temperature approximately 75 - 80 oC lubrication of bearings sealing the gap between rotors and casing, prevention of metallic contact absorbing dust, sulphur, etc.

FAMILY SCREW COMPRESSOR

SCREW KOMPRESSOR
Construction:
cooled fluid fluid-air mixture compressed air

fluid filter

hot fluid

KOMPRESSOR BOLAK BALIK SATU TINGKAT (IDEAL)

Salah satu jenis kompressor bolak balik yang sederhana adalah adalah kompressor dengan seluruh kompressinya berlangsung dalam satu selinder yang biasa disebut dengan kompressor satu satu tingkat. Dalam hal kompressor ideal diasumsikan bahwa: 1. Tidak ada kerugian tekanan pada katup masuk dan katup buang 2. Tekanan pada langkah isap dan langkah buang adalah konstan 3. Kompressor tidak mempunyai ruang rugi 4. Seluruh proses kompressi berlangsung pada satu selinder

KOMPRESSOR TORAK

Reciprocating compressors
single / two stage

Note the difference:

- single / two stage - single acting / double acting

Installation:

- portable - stationary

Application: (single stage)

- trade 10 bar - boosters 35 bar

Reciprocating compressors
two stage

intercooling

Applications: trade, up to 15 bar high pressure, up to 35 bar

8 bar

Upper piston clearance (dead space)

1 bar absolute

top dead centre

KOMPRESSOR TORAK

Double-acting
with crosshead

Application: High pressure, up to 1000 bar in combination with screw compressors. Compression of gas

Kompresor

Kenisme kerja kompresor

Multi stage kompresor

Kompresor

Multi stage kompresor

KOMPRESSOR TORAK KERJA GANDA

Kompresor AC

Kondensor

Prinsip kerja AC

Blower

Fasa cair

Evaporator Fasa gas

Compresor Udara dingin

KOMPRESSOR CENTRIFUGAL

KOMPRESSOR ROTARY

Centrifugal Blower

Kapasitas debit sedang dan tekanan rendah

Centrifugal Blower

DISPLACEMENT BLOWER

DISPLACEMENT BLOWER

DISPLACEMENT BLOWER

DISPLACEMENT BLOWER

Centrifugal Compressor Operation

Centrifugal compressors rotate ambient air about an impeller. The impeller blades guide the airflow toward the outer perimeter of the compressor assembly. The air velocity is then increased as the rotational speed of the impeller increases.

Major Components of Interest

Compressor
Axial Centrifugal
Axial Compressor Centrifugal Compressor

Example of Combination Flow

Centrifugal Compressor Intake Air Flow

Axial Compressor

Intake air flow is forced down the center shaft initially by axially compressor stages, and then forced against engine perimeter by the centrifugal compressor.

Example of Axial Flow

Multistage Axial Compressor

Center Shaft

Intake airflow is forced down the center shaft of the engine.