Mobile

2010-2-5
Security Level: INTERNAL
OptiX RTN 900 V100R002 Networking and Protection
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
References
OptiX RTN 900 V100R002 Product Description and OptiX RTN
900 V100R002 Feature Description

Digital Microwave Communication Principles
SDH Principles
Page 1
Course Objective
After learning this course, you will:
Understand the principles for implementing various protection
types supported by the OptiX RTN 900 V100R002.

Understand the precautions for using various protection types
supported by the OptiX RTN 900 V100R002.

Know the networking application of the OptiX RTN 900
V100R002.
Page 2
Contents
Protection
Overview of the Protection Capability

Protection for Radio Links Protection for SDH/PDH Services
Protection for Ethernet Services

Protection for Equipment
Networking Application
Page 3
Protection Capability
Protection Type Protection Name 1+1 HSB/SD/FD Protection for radio links N+1 protection (N4) Switching Duration Less than 200 ms (HSB) * Less than 50 ms (TDM services) Less than 500 ms (Ethernet services) Less than 50 ms Less than 50 ms Less than 50 ms Less than 50 ms Less than 50 ms N/A
Protection for SDH/PDH services Protection for Ethernet services
LMSP SNCP ERPS LAG (supported by the FE/GE port and microwave port) Main and standby system control boards (supported by the OptiX RTN 950 instead of the OptiX RTN 910) Power 1+1 protection
Protection for equipment Remarks:
In the case of the HSB switching, services are interrupted within the HSB switching time (less than 200 ms). In the case of the HSM switching, services are not affected because the HSM switching is hitless. When the AM function is enabled, the standby channel works in guaranteed-capacity modulation scheme after the HSM switching. Hence, services of a lower priority are damaged.
Page 4
IDUs and Protection Types

IDU 910
Radio 1+1 protection (TDM/Hybrid) Yes
IDU 950
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Radio N+1 protection (TDM/Hybrid) Yes LMSP SNCP Yes Yes
ERPS
LAG protection Protection for main and standby system control boards Power 1+1 protection
Yes
Yes No No
Yes
Yes Yes Yes
Page 5
Radio Links and Protection Types

Radio Link Protection for Services SNCP LMSP ERPS LAG Note:
1+0
1+1 HSB/SD/FD
N+0
N+1
XPIC
A radio link that is configured with the 1+1 HSB/SD/FD or N+1 protection can work as the working source, protection source, or service sink of the SNCP. Note that only the main board can be configured with the SNCP. A radio link that is configured with the XPIC supports the SNCP. The IF boards supporting the XPIC in different polarization directions, however, cannot be respectively used as the working source and protection source of the SNCP. The two IF boards in an XPIC working group cannot be configured into one 1+1 HSB/SD/FD protection group, but the two IF boards in different XPIC working groups can be configured into one 1+1 HSB/SD/FD protection group. The members of the 1+1 HSB/SD/FD protection group cannot participate in the N+1 protection. Optical transmission links instead of radio links support the LMSP. The ERPS is irrelevant to configurations of a radio link but is only relevant to the Ethernet service type. Only E-LAN services support the ERPS. When creating a 1+1 HSB/FD/SD or N+1 protection group of the Hybrid radio, the NE automatically creates a non-load balancing LAG. Manual creation is neither required nor supported. When creating an XPIC workgroup of the Hybrid radio, you need to manually create the LAG. On a Hybrid radio ring network, the SNCP can be configured for E1 services and ERPS can be configured for Ethernet services. The SNCP and the ERPS are not coupled.
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Contents
Protection

Protection for Radio Links Protection for SDH/PDH Services

Page 7
Protection for Radio Links
In the OptiX RTN 900, radio links support various protection schemes, including:

Radio 1+1 protection (supported by OptiX RTN 910/950) Radio N+1 protection (supported by OptiX RTN 910/950)
Protection for radio links can be coupled with the SNCP for SDH/PDH services.
The 1+1 protection is coupled with the SNCP. The main control board configured with 1+1 protection instead of the standby control board configured with the 1+1 protection can work as the source of the SNCP.
The N+1 protection is coupled with the SNCP. The main control board configured with N+1 protection instead of the protection board configured with the N+1 protection can work as the source of the SNCP.
The following slides describe the overview, realization principles, switching conditions, and
precautions of the 1+1 and N+1 protection modes.
Page 8
Overview of 1+1 HSB/SD/FD

Protection Type Parameter Supported board HSB switching HSM switching 1+1 HSB 1+1 SD 1+1 FD
IF1 (TDM radio), IFU2 (Hybrid radio), IFX2 (Hybrid radio) Supported Not supported Supported Supported Restricted Supported Supported Restricted
Restriction on paired slots Not restricted

Remarks:
The HSB switching is used to protect the protection unit composed of IF boards and ODUs. The HSM switching is used to protect the two links (1+1 SD is used to protect the two links on different space channels and 1+1 FD is used to protect the two links on the same space channel with different frequencies.)
The host protocol with radio 1+1 protection is insensitive to the 1+1 protection for the TDM radio or the 1+1 protection for the Hybrid radio.
Difference: In the case of the 1+1 protection for the Hybrid radio, the cross-connect unit realizes the HSB switching on
the TDM plane by selecting the TDM service from the standby IF board. The packet switching unit realizes the HSB
switching on the packet plane through the LAG switching. In this way, the TDM services and Ethernet services can be switched at the same time. The HSM switching protection for the Hybrid radio is the same as the protection for the TDM radio. Both protection modes adopt the selective receiving mechanism to realize the switching.
Page
1+1 HSB Realization Principle (TDM)

Muted
Main IF Board
Cross-connect board
Hybrid Antenna coupler
Service board
Muted
Standby ODU
Standby IF Board
Page 10
1+1 HSB Realization Principle (Hybrid) --Before the Switching

1+1 HSB realization principle (before the switching, in the transmit direction)
The switching of the signal processing flow implemented by the packet switching unit is similar to that of the cross-connect unit.
1+1 HSB realization principle (before the switching, in the receive direction)
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1+1 HSB Realization Principle (Hybrid) --After the Switching

1+1 HSB realization principle (after the switching, in the receive direction)
The switching of the signal processing flow implemented by the packet switching unit is similar to that of the cross-connect unit.
1+1 HSB realization principle (after the switching, in the transmit direction)
Page
Description of the 1+1 HSB Switching

In the case of the 1+1 SD/FD, either the HSB switching or the HSM switching can be used.
Switching position
The service switching of the TDM radio occurs on the cross-connect unit. The data service switching of
the Hybrid radio occurs on the packet switching unit (data board).
Switching condition
The automatic switching is triggered when any of the following alarms is reported: hardware fault on IF board, hardware fault on the ODU, fault on ODU configuration, remote fault indication, connection fault on IF cables, and loss of microwave frames. The actions involved in the 1+1 HSB protection switching occur on the faulty NE. These actions do not occur on the normal NE.
Switching triggered by external commands: lockout of protection, forced switching, manual switching, and clear switching
Characteristics

No restriction for paired slots on main and standby units The software and the hardware perform the switching action. Transient interruption occurs on services during the switching (< 200 ms)
Page 13
1+1 SD Realization Principle (TDM)

Main Main ODU IF Board
Cross-connect board
Service board
Antenna 1 Antenna 2
Muted
Standby ODU
Standby IF board
Page 14
1+1 SD Realization Principle (Hybrid) --Before the Switching

1+1 SD realization principle (before the switching, in the transmit direction)
The switching of the signal processing flow implemented by the packet switching unit is similar to that of the crossconnect unit.
1+1 SD realization principle (before the switching, in the receive direction)
Page 15
1+1 HSB Realization Principle (Hybrid) --After the HSM Switching

In the case of HSM switching, the switching occurs on the IF board.
1+1 SD realization principle (after the HSM switching, in the receive direction)
Both the cross-connect unit and the packet switching unit select the service signal transmitted from the main IF board, which is the same as that before the switching.
After the 1+1 SD HSM switching:

In the transmit direction, signals need not be processed. In the receive direction: The main IF board receives the Hybrid microwave frame modulated by the standby IF board through the protection bus. The MUX unit of the main IF board separates the Hybrid microwave frame into the E1 service signal and Ethernet service signal. The statuses of the GE links corresponding to the main IF board and the standby IF board do not change. The crossconnect unit and the packet switching unit receive the service signal from the main IF board.
Page 16
1+1 SD Realization Principle (Hybrid) --After the HSM Switching

1+1 SD realization principle (after the HSB switching, in the transmit direction)
1+1 SD realization principle (after the HSB switching, in the receive direction)
Both the cross-connect unit and the packet switching unit select the service signals separated by the standby IF board.
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1+1 FD Realization Principle (TDM)

tf1 rf1
Main Main ODU IF Board Hybrid coupler
Cross-connect board
Service board
Antenna
tf2 rf2
Standby ODU
Standby IF board
Page 18
1+1 FD Realization Principle (Hybrid) --Before the Switching

1+1 FD realization principle (before the switching, in the transmit direction)
1+1 FD realization principle (before the switching, in the receive direction)
Page 19
1+1 FD Realization Principle (Hybrid) --After the HSM Switching

In the case of HSM switching, the switching occurs on the IF board.
1+1 FD realization principle (after the HSM switching, in the receive direction)
Both the cross-connect unit and the packet switching unit select the service signal transmitted from the main IF board, which is the same as that before the switching.
After the 1+1 FD HSM switching:

In the transmit direction: No processing is required. In the receive direction: The main IF board receives the Hybrid microwave frame modulated by the
standby IF board through the protection bus. The MUX unit of the main IF board separates the Hybrid microwave frame into the E1 service signal and Ethernet service signal. The statuses of the GE links corresponding to the main IF board and the standby IF board do not change. The cross-connect unit and the packet switching unit receive the service signal from the main IF board. Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 20
1+1 FD Realization Principle (Hybrid) --After the HSM Switching

1+1 FD realization principle (after the HSB switching, in the transmit direction)
1+1 FD realization principle (after the HSB switching, in the receive direction)
Page
1+1 FD+SD Realization Principle (TDM)

In the case of the Hybrid radio: In the transmit direction, the cross-connect unit and the packet switching unit transmit service signals to the IF board at the same time. In the receive direction, the IF board transmits the TDM services to the cross-connect unit. The cross-connect unit then transmits the data service to the packet switching unit.
tf1 rf1
Main ODU Main IF board
Cross-connect board
Service board
Antenna 1 Antenna 2
tf2
rf2
Standby ODU
Standby IF board
If the SD is used, radio signals at the same frequency are affected by the multi-path fading, the quality of the radio signal received on the main channel varies. The service unit then selects the service signal on the standby channel to protect the service. If the FD is used, the same signal is transmitted at two different frequencies. The spatial fading is correlated to frequency, and fading occurs at the same time at the two frequencies. Therefore, radio signals of better quality can always be selected at the receive end and the service protection is realized. During the actual networking, you can put the two RFUs in the FD protection group into different spaces to implement the SD at the same time. (Note that the protection mode for the host configuration is still FD protection.)
Page 22
Radio 1+1 Realization Principle -- HSM Switching

In the case of the 1+1 SD/FD, either the HSB switching or the HSM switching can be used.
Switching position
The service signal is selected at the IF board.
Switching condition
Loss of radio signal, loss of microwave frames, and bit errors in microwave frames (the same for the 1+1 SD/FD of the TDM radio and the Hybrid radio)
The HSB switching triggers the HSM switching, namely, the forced selection of the service signal from the IF board in the paired slot (applicable to the 1+1 protection for the TDM radio ).
Characteristics
In the 1+1 HSM mode, there is no restriction on the paired slots for the main IF board and the standby IF board. (In the case of the OptiX RTN 910, slots 3 and 4 are paired slots. In the case of the OptiX RTN 950, slots 1 and 2, slots 3 and 5, and slots 4 and 6 are paired slots. The hardware performs the automatic switching action rapidly. During the switching, no bit errors occur. (The switching time can be ignored.) When the AM function is enabled, the standby channel works in guaranteed-capacity modulation scheme after the HSM switching occurs. Hence, services of a lower priority are damaged.
Page 23
Radio 1+1 Realization Principle -- Reverse Switching
Reverse switching, also called RDI switching, belongs to the HSB switching. The problems and characteristics of the reverse switching are as follows:
Problems
If the system cannot detect the hardware faults in the transmit direction, the local equipment cannot trigger the reverse switching in the case of HSB configuration. In the case of the 1+1 SD, if the active radio link and the standby radio link at the receive end are faulty, the HSM switching also fails.
Switching condition
The equipment at the remote end detects the service fault in the receive direction and sends the service fault
to the local equipment. Then, the local equipment triggers the HSB switching.
Switching characteristics
The reverse switching is used for HSB or 1+1 SD configuration only. In the case of the 1+1 FD, because the standby ODU is in the working status, the hardware fault can be protected through the HSM switching. Therefore, the reverse switching is not required in the case of the 1+1 FD.
Through the service detection, all services can be protected if hardware faults in the transmit direction occur. However, the reverse switching cannot accurately separate the hardware fault from the external attenuation. Repeated switching may occur in the case of attenuation.
The RDI switching timer is started every time after the HSB switching to prevent from repeated switching. Before the timer expires, the RDI switching is not triggered. The timer duration is the WTR time entered during the 1+1 protection configuration. On the NMS, the default WTR time is 600s. Page 24
Summary on Switching Conditions of Radio 1+1 Protection

Protection Type Configuration in 1+1 HSB Mode
Configuration Requirement
Switching Condition
Service Interruption
Switching Position
Generally, only one antenna is configured.

The main IF board and the standby IF board need not be installed in the paired slots. Sub-bands of the main and standby outdoor units must be the same.
Two antennas are required. The main IF board and the standby IF board need not be installed in the paired slots. Sub-bands of the main and standby outdoor units must be the same. (See production description for the description of the paired slots.)
Hardware fault on IF board, hardware fault on the ODU, fault on ODU configuration, remote fault indication, connection fault on IF cables, and loss of microwave frames
Services are transiently interrupted during the HSB switching (only the HSB switching is available).
Switching of PDH and SDH services occurs on the crossconnect unit.

Data service switching occurs on the packet switching unit. The HSM switching occurs in the IF unit.
Configuration in 1+1 SD mode
HSB switching condition: same as above HSM switching condition: loss of microwave frames and bit errors in microwave frames
Services are transiently interrupted during the HSB switching. The HSM switching generates no bit error. Services are transiently interrupted during the HSB switching. The HSM switching generates no bit error.
Configuration in 1+1 FD mode
One or two antennas The main IF board and the standby IF board need not be installed in the paired slots. Sub-bands of the main and standby outdoor units can be different. (See production description for the description of the paired slots.)
HSB switching condition: hardware fault on IF board, hardware fault on the ODU, fault on ODU configuration, connection fault on IF cables, and loss of microwave frames (without the remote fault indication) HSM switching condition: loss of microwave frames and bit errors in microwave frames
The HSM switching occurs in the IF unit.
Page 25
Precautions for Using the Radio 1+1 Protection
Common precautions for configurations are as follows:
The configuration mode of 1+1 protection in one direction can be only 1+1 HSB, 1+1 FD, or 1+1 SD. The configuration mode in one direction can be different from that in the other direction.
The two IF boards in an XPIC working group cannot be configured into one 1+1 HSB/SD/FD protection group, but the two IF boards in different XPIC working groups can be configured into one 1+1 HSB/SD/FD protection group.
The members of the 1+1 HSB/SD/FD protection group cannot participate in the N+1 protection. The radio link with 1+1 HSB/SD/FD configuration can function as the working source, protection source, or service sink of SNCP.
On the AM-enabled 1+1 HSB/SD/FD Hybrid radio link, after an HSB switching, the standby link works in the modulation scheme of the original active link; after an HSM switching, the standby link works in the guaranteed-capacity modulation scheme.
When creating a 1+1 HSB/FD/SD protection group of the Hybrid radio, the NE automatically creates a non-load balancing LAG whose main port is the IF_ETH port on the main IF board and whose slave port is the IF_ETH port on the standby IF board. The LAG is not displayed on the NMS and cannot be configured manually.
The 1+1 HSB/SD/FD Hybrid radio link can function as the ring link or ring protection link (RPL) in the ERPS protection.
Page 26
Radio N+1 Protection

Overview Realization Principle Switching Conditions Precautions for Using the Radio N+1 Protection
Page 27
Overview
Basic principle for the radio N+1 protection is as follows:

The N+1 protection refers to the protection scheme in which N working
channels in a microwave direction share one protection channel. When a working channel is faulty, the normal services on this working channel are switched to the protection channel for transmission.
The OptiX RTN 900 V100R002 supports the N+1 (2N4) protection. Both the TDM radio and the Hybrid radio support the N+1 protection.
Page 28
Radio N+1 Realization Principle (TDM) -- Before the Switching
The N+1 protection for the SDH microwave is realized based on the automatic bridging of the crossconnect unit.
The figure shows that before the switching, the NE sends and receives normal traffic signals on the working channels, and sends and receives extra traffic signals on the protection channel.
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Radio N+1 Realization Principle (TDM) -- After the Switching
After detecting that the signals on the working channel fail, the IF board notifies the system control and communication unit.
The figure shows that the system control and communication unit controls the cross-connect unit to cross-connect the working service signals to the protection channel. The system control and communication unit also interacts with the NE at the opposite end through byte K to enable the NE on the opposite side to perform synchronous switching. In this case, the extra service signals that are transmitted on the protection channel are interrupted.
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Radio N+1 Realization Principle (Hybrid) --Before the Switching
In the case of N+1 protection for the Hybrid radio, the switching on the TDM plane is realized based on the automatic bridging of the cross-connect unit. The figure shows that before the switching, the NE sends and receives normal traffic signals on the working channels, and sends and receives extra traffic signals on the protection channel. The LAG uses the load sharing mode to allocate the service traffic to each link according to the result of the hush algorithm.
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Radio N+1 Realization Principle (Hybrid) -- After the Switching
After detecting that the signals on the working channel fail, the IF board notifies the system control and communication unit. The figure shows that the system control and communication unit controls the cross-connect unit to cross-connect the working service signals to the protection channel. The system control and communication unit also interacts with the NE at the opposite end through byte K to enable the NE on the opposite side to perform synchronous switching. The system control and communication unit control the packet switching unit to allocate the service traffic from the failed link to the other normal links according to the result of the hush algorithm. The system control and communication unit also interacts with the NE at the opposite end through byte K to enable the NE at the opposite end to perform synchronous switching.
Page
Switching Conditions of the Radio N+1 Protection
Switching condition
The N+1 protection for the SDH radio is realized based on the automatic bridging of the cross-connect unit. N+1 protection can be triggered by local SF conditions, local SD conditions, local external switching requests, and byte K sent from the NE at the opposite end. This is similar to linear multiplex section protection. In the case of N+1 protection for the Hybrid microwave, the switching on the TDM plane is realized based on the automatic bridging of the cross-connect unit.
Switching time
In the case of TDM services, the working TDM services are interrupted within the N+1 protection switching time (shorter than 50 ms). The extra TDM services are interrupted from the time when the normal services are switched to the protection channel to the time when the services are restored to the working channel. In the case of Ethernet services, the Ethernet services are interrupted within the LAG protection switching time (shorter than 500 ms).
Page 33
Precautions for Using the Radio N+1

The N+1 protection of the TDM radio supports only the STM-1 radio working mode (IF1). The N+1 protection of the Hybrid radio supports all channel bandwidths and modulation schemes. Note that the working and protection Hybrid IF boards use the same parameters, including the IF channel bandwidth, modulation scheme or AM attribute, and E1 capacity.
The ODU must adopt the separate mounting mode because the dual-polarized antenna is
used.
Keep adequate frequency spacing between the working channels and between the working channel and the standby channel to prevent adjacent-channel interference.
The members of a 1+1 protection group cannot be configured as members of an N+1 protection group.
If the Hybrid radio links of an N+1 protection group enables the AM function, the protection radio link still works in the original modulation scheme even after the N+1 protection switching is performed.
After a Hybrid N+1 protection group is created on the NMS, the corresponding LAG comprising the IF ports is automatically created. The default main port of the LAG is the port on the IF board whose slot number is the smallest.
Page 34
Contents
Protection

Protection for Radio Links Protection for SDH/PDH Services: SNCP, LMSP Protection for Ethernet services Protection for Equipment
Page 35
SNCP
Overview SNCP Principle Switching Conditions Precautions for Using the SNCP
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Overview of the SNCP
The SNCP, which requires one working subnetwork and one protection subnetwork, selects one service from the dually transmitted services. In this manner, the SNCP protects the services that are transmitted across subnetworks. The SNCP is applicable to the ring, tangent rings, intersecting rings, ring with a chain, or mesh network. The OptiX RTN 900 supports the creation of the SNCP between optical transmission links, between radio transmission links, and between optical transmission links and radio transmission links. The OptiX RTN 910 supports a maximum of 6 higher order SNCP groups and a maximum of 378 lower order SNCP groups. The OptiX RTN 950 supports a maximum of 12 higher order SNCP groups and a maximum of 756 lower order SNCP groups. The SDH/PDH microwave, Hybrid microwave, and STM-1 optical transmission link all support the SNCP. An SNCP service pair is a basic unit of SNCP. It consists of a working source, a protection source, and a service sink.
SNCP Service Pair:
The working source and the protection source can be optical lines or radio links. The working source and the protection source can be of different types. The service sink can be any line port, IF port, or tributary port.
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SNCP Principle
Before the Switching
After the Switching
When the working SNC fails, SNCP works as follows:

Before the switching, the trail source (NE A) sends normal service signals to the trail sink (NE B) through the working SNC and the protection SNC. When the IF unit or line unit of NE B detects that the signal of the working SNC fails, it reports this event to the SCC unit. After the SCC unit of NE B determines that the signal of the working SNC fails and the signal of the protection SNC is normal, the SCC unit enables the cross-connect unit to complete the cross-connection between the protection SNC and the service sink.
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SNCP Switching Conditions
Switching Condition
The default trigger conditions for the SNCP switching of the higher order (VC4) services: R_LOS, R_LOF, R_LOC, MW_LOF, MW_LIM, MS_AIS, B2_EXC, R_LOC, AU_AIS, AU_LOP, and HP_LOM. The optional trigger conditions: HP_TIM, HP_UNEQ, B3_EXC, and B3_SD. The default trigger conditions for the SNCP switching of the lower order (VC3/VC12) services: TU_AIS, TU_LOP, R_LOS, R_LOF, R_LOC, MW_LOF, and MW_LIM. The optional trigger conditions: LP_TIM, LP_UNEQ, BIP_EXC, and BIP_SD.
The default trigger conditions for the SNCP switching of the lower order services (E1 services in the Hybrid radio): E1_AIS, R_LOF, R_LOC, MW_LOF, MW_LIM, and MW_BER_EXC.
Switching Time
Within the SNCP switching time (shorter than 50 ms), services are interrupted.
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Precautions for Using the SNCP
The SNCP service is related to the 1+1 protection scheme, N+1 protection scheme, XPIC, linear MSP, and ERPS.
The board configured with the 1+1 protection can work as the working source, protection source, or service sink of the SNCP. Note that only the main board can be configured with the SNCP. The radio link with the N+1 protection can work as the working source, protection source, or service sink of the SNCP. The protection board cannot be configured with the SNCP. A radio link configured with XPIC can work as the working source, protection source, or service sink of an SNCP service pair.
The optical transmission links configured with the linear MSP protocol can work as the working source, protection source, or service sink of the SNCP.
On a Hybrid radio ring network, SNCP can be configured for E1 services and ERPS can be configured for Ethernet services. The source board of an SNCP group must be the line board or IF board.
The SNCP works based on services, and 1+1 protection, N+1 protection, or linear MSP works based on links. Hence, when the SNCP is configured on a link that is already configured with the link-level protection, the hold-off time needs to be set to enable the link-level protection switching to first occur. Hence, the SNCP switching does not occur repeatedly due to the protection switching that occurs on the link. Principles for setting the hold-off time:
When the SNCP works with the 1+1 FD/SD protection, N+1 protection, or linear MSP protection, the hold-off time must be more than the switching time of the protection scheme that works with the SNCP. Generally, the hold-off time is set to 200 ms. The switching time of 1+1 HSB is much longer than that of SNCP. Therefore, to decrease the duration of service interruptions, it is recommended that you do not set the hold-off time when SNCP works with 1+1 HSB. If the SNCP does not work with the link-level protection or the link-level protection fails, the service on the link is interrupted within the hold-off time. It is recommended that you set the hold-off time to 0 when only the SNCP is configured.
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LMSP
Overview Realization Principle Switching Conditions Precautions for Using the LMSP
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Overview of the LMSP
The OptiX RTN 910 supports a maximum of three 1+1 linear MSP groups, 1:N (N5) linear MSP, and a maximum of three linear MSP groups. The OptiX RTN 950 supports a maximum of six 1+1 linear MSP groups, 1:N (N11) linear MSP, and a maximum of six linear MSP groups. Linear MSP can be classified by protection mechanism, switching mode, and revertive mode. The OptiX RTN 900 V100R002 supports the following linear MSP modes:
1+1 single-ended revertive mode

1+1 single-ended non-revertive mode 1+1 dual-ended revertive mode 1+1 dual-ended non-revertive mode 1:N dual-ended revertive mode
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Overview of the LMSP

The linear multiplex section protection (MSP) switching is applicable to point-to-point physical networks. The linear MSP provides protection for the services between two nodes at the multiplex section level. The OptiX RTN 900 (SL1D) supports the linear MSP (LMSP). The LMSP is classified into 1+1 linear MSP and 1:N linear MSP.
In the case of 1+1 linear MSP, one protection channel protects one working channel, and the protection channel does not transmit extra services.
In the case of 1:N linear MSP, one protection channel protects several working channels, and the protection channel may transmit extra services. When a working channel becomes unavailable, the services on this channel are switched to the protection channel for transmission. As a result, the extra services that are previously transmitted on the protection channel are interrupted. Page
1+1 Linear MSP

NE A receives the service signal from the protection channel. NE B receives the service signal from the working path. Singleended switching
Before the switching
Dual-ended switching
NE A receives the service signals from the protection path. NE B also receives the service signals from the protection channel.
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1:N Linear MSP
Before the switching, the source and the sink send and receive normal service signals on the working channel, and send and receive extra service signals on the protection channel.
When the sink in a certain direction (NE A) detects that the signal on the working channel fails, NE A sends the K bytes to the source (NE B) on the protection channel (the request type is "signal failure"). NE B performs a bridge of the normal service signals onto the protection channel and sends the K bytes to NE A on the protection channel (the request type is "reverse request"). NE A receives normal service signals from the protection path and bridges the normal service signals onto the protection path. NE B receives the normal service signals from the protection path.
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Conditions for Linear MSP Switching
Switching condition
The linear MSP can be triggered by local SF conditions, local SD conditions, and local external switching requests. In dual-ended mode, the local NE can perform switching according to the K bytes from the opposite NE. The default trigger conditions for the SNCP switching are: R_LOC, R_LOF, R_LOS, MS_AIS, and B2_EXC. The optional trigger condition is B2_SD .
Switching time
The services are interrupted within the linear MSP switching time (less than 50 ms). After the 1:N linear MSP switching occurs, the extra services are interrupted. After the revertive switching occurs, the extra services are restored.
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Precautions for Using the LMSP
Select the 1+1 single-ended non-revertive mode if possible. In this case, if an interconnection problem occurs, generally, it is because the third-party equipment has special requirements for byte K. The 1+1 single-ended mode of certain vendors (for example, company S and company E) is actually the dual-ended mode. In this case, select the 1+1 dualended protection mode. ITU-T G.841 defines two priority levels for the SF and SD on byte K. By default, the OptiX equipment uses the SF and SD of a higher priority. If the third-party equipment uses the SF and SD of the lower priority, modify the configuration accordingly on the OptiX equipment. Check whether the third-party equipment uses the last three bits of byte K2 to indicate the single-ended/dual-ended mode. If yes, modify the configuration accordingly on the OptiX equipment.
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Contents
Protection

Protection for Radio Links Protection for SDH/PDH Services Protection for Ethernet Services: ERPS and LAG Protection for Equipment
Page 48
ERPS
Overview Realization Principles Trigger conditions of ERPS Precautions for Using the ERPS
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Overview

The Ethernet ring protection switching (ERPS) is applicable to ring physical networks. The ERPS protects Ethernet services from an owner node to the other nodes on a ring. Generally, when a ring network is configured with ERPS, the RPL owner node blocks its port on one side so that all the services are transmitted only through the ports on the other side. In this manner, service loops are prevented. If a section of link fails or a node becomes faulty, the RPL owner node unblocks its previously blocked port so that the services are switched to the port for transmission. In this manner, protection for the ring network is implemented.
2 3
1
RPL
6 5
2 3
1
RPL
6 5
1 4
2 3
1 4
6 5
Physical topology
Basic principles:
Logical topology
If the Ethernet ring is normal, the RPL owner node blocks its port on one side. If a fault occurs on the Ethernet ring, the RPL owner node unblocks its previously blocked port to connect the service channel on the RPL. Before unblocking ports, the nodes determine that certain ports on the Ethernet ring are blocked to avoid loops. Based on the mature APS, the nodes can use the logic of the APS state machine to trigger the protection switching (upon status change). To achieve the fastest switching, the nodes copy the APS packets to the ERP controlling entity during the APS packet forwarding. Page
Implementation mode:

Overview of the ERPS -- Basic Concepts

A protection instance is the basic unit of the ERPS. The figure shows a protection instance of the ERPS. The protection instance of the ERPS refers to an Ethernet ring that runs the ERPS protocol. On this Ethernet ring, the Ethernet ring node, ring link, RPL, RPL owner, and east (E) ports and west (W) ports at each Ethernet ring node are defined.
An RPL refers to a link on an Ethernet ring whose service channels are blocked when this Ethernet ring is in normal status. Only one RPL is available on one Ethernet ring. An RPL owner refers to an Ethernet ring node located at one end of an RPL. The RPL owner is marked with the RPL owner label. When an Ethernet ring is in normal status, the RPL connection point on the RPL owner is blocked to prevent the service channels from forming loops. A ring port is an RPL connection point on an Ethernet ring node. A ring port can be an FE port, a GE port, or a radio port. The does not support Ethernet tangent rings or Ethernet intersecting rings. That is, different protection instances of the ERPS cannot contain one or more same ring ports. Consider as an example. Generally, the port on an Ethernet ring node for transmitting counter-clockwise services is an east ring port, and the port on the same Ethernet ring node for receiving counter-clockwise services is a west ring port.
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When the ERPS scheme is used, a switching request is transmitted through the ring-APS (R-APS) message. The ring nodes transmit R-APS messages on the specific R-APS channel to ensure that all the ring nodes perform consistent operations to implement ERPS. The frame format of the R-APS message is a type of ETH-OAM frame formats. An R-APS message uses a fixed default MAC destination address, namely, 01-19-A7-00-00-01. An RAPS message also carries a VLAN ID, which identifies an R-APS message from the Ethernet service message and inband DCN message. Therefore, the VLAN ID contained in the R-APS message cannot be the same as the VLAN ID contained in the Ethernet service message and inband DCN message. Through different VLAN IDs, RAPS messages and Ethernet service messages can be separately transmitted over isolated VLAN channels. To prevent messages from forming loops, the blocked ports on the R-APS channel and on the Ethernet service channel must be the same. That is, the same ring port is blocked for the R-APS channel and the Ethernet service channel. R-APS message types:

R-APS (SF) message: A node detecting an SF condition transmits the R-APS (SF) message. The other ring nodes that receive the R-APS (SF) message are notified that a remote node is faulty. R-APS (NR, RB) message: The RPL owner transmits the R-APS (NR, RB) message. The other ring nodes that receive the R-APS (NR, RB) message are notified that the Ethernet ring is in normal status and the RPL connection point on the remote RPL owner is blocked. R-APS (NR) message: A node that detects fault recovery transmits the R-APS (NR) message. Nodes that receive the R_APS (NR) message are notified that the switching trigger condition at the remote end is cleared. If an R-APS message contains the DNF flag (that is, the value of the DNF field is equal to 1), a node that detects the fault on the RPL transmits this message. The node that receives this message is notified that it should not empty the MAC address table.
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Frame format of an R-APS message
Frame format of the R-APS specific information
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Protection type: The ERPS is a revertive protection switching mode.
In revertive mode, when an NE is in the switching state, the NE releases the switching and returns to the normal state if the former working channel is restored to normal for a certain period. The period after the working channel is restored to normal and before the NE releases the switching state is called the WTR time. To prevent frequent switching events because the working channel is not stable, it is recommended that you set the WTR time to 5 to 12 minutes.
R-APS timer:
In the ERPS process, three timers are used, including the guard timer, WTR timer, and holdoff timer.
Guard timer:
The nodes on the ring continuously forward the R-APS packets to the Ethernet ring. Receipt of these outdated R-APS messages may result in incorrect ERPS actions. As a type of R-APS timers, a guard timer can prevent ring nodes from receiving outdated RAPS messages. When a faulty ring node detects that the switching condition is cleared, it starts the guard timer and starts to forward R-APS (NR) messages. When the guard timer is running, the ring node discards the R-APS messages that arrive. The received R-APS packets are forwarded only after the time of the guard timer expires. The period of a guard timer may be set in 10 ms steps between 10 ms and 2s, with a default value of 500 ms.
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WTR timer A WTR timer prevents frequent switching actions due to an unstable working channel. The period of a WTR timer may be set in 1 minute steps between 5 minutes and 12 minutes, with a default value of 5 minutes. The period after the faulty channel is restored to normal and before the NE releases the switching is called the WTR time. When the faulty channel is restored to normal, the WTR timer on the RPL owner is started. When the WTR timer is running, a WTR timer running signal is continuously generated. When the WTR timer expires and no switching request with a higher priority is received, the WTR timer running signal is no longer generated but a WTR expire signal is continuously generated. Holdoff timer The hold-off timer is used for negotiating the protection switching sequence when the ERPS coexists with other protection schemes, so that the fault can be rectified in the case of other protection switching (such as LAG protection) before the ERPS occurs. When a ring node detects one or more new faults, the holdoff timer is started if the preset holdoff time is non-zero. When the holdoff timer is running, the fault is not reported to the ERPS scheme for processing. When the holdoff timer expires, the link status is checked regardless of whether the fault that starts the timer persists. If there is still a fault, it is reported to the ERPS scheme for protection switching. This fault can be the same as or different from the fault that triggers the initial startup of the hold-off timer. The period of the holdoff timer may be set in 100 ms steps between 0 ms and 10000 ms with an offset of 5 ms. The default value is 0s.
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G.8032 Ring Status and R-APS Message

R-APS(NR, RB)
2 3
1
RPL
6 5
2 3
1
RPL
6 4 5
Request/State + Status
Type
Priority Highest
FS R-APS(FS)
local SF local clear SF R-APS (SF) WTR Expires WTR Running
Local Remote
Local Local Remote Local Local Remote Remote
4
Idle state
|
| | | | | | Lowest
R-APS(SF) Protection state
2 3
1
RPL
6 5
4
R-APS(NR)
R-APS(NR, RB) R-APS(NR)
Restoration state
Note: In the restoration state, only the NE in 4 and 5 with the largest node ID blocks the port.
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Realization Principle: Normal StateFault State

NR, RB
Before unblocking ports, the nodes determine that certain ports on the Ethernet ring are blocked to avoid loops.
RPL RPL Owner
NR, RB
Normal
A B C D
SF
Failure
Flush Flush Flush SF Flush
SF Flush
SF Flush Flush
100 ms
SF
E F
Protection state SF SF
G H
SF
SF
SF SF
Failure SF SF SF SF SF
SF SF
A: In normal cases, the RPL owner sends NR and RB messages through the port in two consecutive periods. B: The link between nodes C and D is faulty. C: Nodes C and D block the faulty ports, empty the MAC address table, and send the R-APS (SF) message. D: After receiving the SF message, other nodes empty the MAC address table. The RPL owner then unblocks the RPL port.
E: The switching is complete within 100 ms. F: The switching is complete. Nodes C and D periodically send the SF message. G: The fault persists. H: The link between nodes E and F is faulty. I: Nodes E and F send the SF message to other nodes. After receiving the SF message, other nodes do not make any processing.
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Realization Principle: Fault StateNormal State

A
A
SF SF SF Recovery
Before unblocking ports, the nodes determine that certain ports on the Ethernet ring are blocked to avoid loops.
RPL Owner
C
Failure
D
SF
RPL
G
SF SF
B C
NR Protection state
Confirmation time
D E F
NR
NR
NR
NR NR
G
Normal
NR, RPL Blocked Flush Flush Flush NR, RPL Blocked Flush
NR, RPL Blocked
NR, RPL Blocked Flush
100 ms
Flush
Flush NR, RPL Blocked

NR, NR RPL Blocked
A: The Ethernet ring runs in protection state. B: The fault on the link between nodes C and D is rectified. C: Nodes C and D start the guard timer and sends the NR message to other ring nodes. (The OptiX RTN 900 V100R002 compares the priorities of the received Node IDs and unblocks the port with the lowest priority.) D: After receiving the NR message, the RPL owner starts the WTR timer.
E: RPL owner WTR timer running F: After the WTR timer expires, the RPL owner blocks the RPL port, empties the MAC address table, and sends the NR and RB messages. G: After receiving the NR and RB messages, other nodes unblock the blocked ports and empty their MAC address tables. In this case, the Ethernet ring returns to the normal state.
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Realization Principle: RPL Fault

RPL RPL Owner
NR, RB
Normal condition
NR, RB
A B C D
SF, DNF
Failure
SF, DNF
E F
Protection state
SF, DNF
SF, DNF
SF,DNF
SF, DNF
SF: DNF
A: The Ethernet ring runs in normal state. B: The RPL link is faulty. C: Nodes A and G send SF messages carrying the do not flush (DNF) flag. D: After receiving SF and DNF messages, the RPL owner does not empty the MAC address table. In this case, the Ethernet ring turns into the protection state. Page
Realization Principle: Multi-Fault Recovery

81 26 89
RPL
62
71
31
75
A
Failure
B
SF Recovery NR (26) NR (81) NR (26) NR (81) SF NR (26) NR (26)
C
Failure
D
SF
E
Failure
F
SF
Recovery
G
SF SF
A B C
NR (81)
D
NR (31) Protection state
NR (71) SF
NR (71) NR (31)
NR (31) NR (31)
NR (81)
E F
SF
SF
SF SF SF
G SF
SF SF
SF
A: Multiple faults occur in the Ethernet ring. B: Faults on the links between nodes A and B and between nodes E and F are rectified. C: Nodes A, B, E, and F detect that the SF condition is cleared. D: Nodes A, B, E, and F start the guard timer and send NR messages. E: After receiving the NR messages, the RPL owner starts the WTR timer.
F: After the guard timer expires, nodes B and F receive the SF message and unblock the previous blocked ports. G: After receiving the SF message, nodes A and E unblock the previous blocked ports and the RPL owner stops the WTR.
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Realization Principle: Unidirectional Fault

81
26
89
RPL
62
71
31
75
RPL Owner
Normal condition
A B C D E F
SF Flush Flush SF
failure
Flush Flush
SF Flush Flush Flush SF SF SF
Protection state
SF SF
SF
A: The Ethernet ring runs in normal state. B: A unidirectional fault occurs on the link from node D to node C. C: Node C detects the fault.
E: After receiving the SF message, other nodes clear their MAC address tables and turn into the protection state. The RPL owner unblocks the previous blocked RPL port. F: The Ethernet ring runs in the protection state.
D: Node C blocks the faulty port and sends the SF message.
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Switching Condition
Switching conditions are as follows (with the switching priority in descending order):
Local SF: In the case of a ring consisting of radio links, the SF switching is triggered when any of the following alarms is reported: hardware fault on the IF board or the IF unit, hardware fault on the ODU, VOLT_LOS (on the IF board), RADIO_TSL_HIGH, RADIO_TSL_LOW, RADIO_RSL_HIGH, R_LOC, R_LOF, MW_LOF, MW_BER_EXC, BIP_EXC, and MW_FECUNCOR. In the case of a ring consisting of Ethernet links, the SF switching is triggered when the ETH_LOS or ETH_LINK_DOWN alarm is reported. Receipt of an R-APS (SF) message at the local node Expiration of the WTR timer Receipt of an R-APS (NR, RB) message at the local node
Switching Impact
The services are interrupted within the ERPS time (less than 100 ms).
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Precautions for Using the ERPS
ERPS can be used to protect ELAN services only. The typical switching time of ERPS is less than 100 ms.
The coupling mode is not enabled when the ERPS is configured with the HSB switching. If the HSB switching is required first, set the holdoff time of the ERPS. It is recommended that the holdoff time is later than latest switching time of the HSB.
The source address of ERPS packets is the MAC address of the system.
In the ERPS, the scenario of multipoint faults and fault recovery is optimized. In the case of multipoint faults and simultaneous fault recovery, only the blocked port with the smallest node ID is retained, while other ports are unblocked.
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LAG Protection
Overview Realization Principle Switching Conditions Precautions for Using the LAG Protection
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Overview
The LAG aggregates multiple physical links to form a logical link that is at a higher rate to transmit data. Link aggregation functions between adjacent equipment. Hence, link aggregation is not related to the architecture of the entire network. Link aggregation is also called port aggregation because one link corresponds to one port on an Ethernet network. The IMA technology provides the following functions:
Increased bandwidth
A LAG provides users with a cost-effective method for increasing the link bandwidth. Users obtain data links with higher bandwidths by combining multiple physical links into one logical link without upgrading the existing equipment. The bandwidth of the logical link is equal to the sum of the bandwidths of the physical links. The aggregation module distributes the traffic to different members by using the load sharing algorithm, thus providing the load sharing function for links.
Increased availability The links in a LAG dynamically back up each other. When a link fails, another link in the LAG quickly takes over. The process in which link aggregation starts the backup link is associated only with the links in the same LAG, and the links not in the LAG are not involved.
The LAG complies with the IEEE 802.3ad protocol. Page
Overview of the LAG -- Basic Concept

Basic Concept
Aggregation type Static Load sharing Sharing Manual
Description
A user manually creates a LAG. When a member port is added or deleted, the link aggregation control protocol (LACP) is not started. The user creates the LAG manually. The LACP is not enabled to add or delete a member port. Each member link in a LAG carries traffic. That is, the member links in the LAG share the load. The sharing mode increases bandwidth utilization of the link. When a member in a LAG changes or a certain link fails, the traffic is re-allocated automatically.
NonSharing
Only one member link of a link aggregation group carries traffic and the other member links are in standby state. This is equivalent to a hot standby mechanism. That is, when the active link in a LAG fails, the system chooses a link from the standby links in the LAG, and the chosen link replaces the failed link. In this manner, a link failure does not affect services.
Port type
Main port
Representing a logical port aggregated by ports of an LAG. A main port participates in the service configuration on behalf of an LAG. An LAG has and can only have one main port. The main port must be in the affiliated aggregation group until the aggregation group is deleted. In a LAG, the ports other than the main port are slave ports. The slave ports cannot participate in the service configuration. An LAG can have several slave ports. A slave port can be added to or deleted from a LAG by using the NMS.
Slave port
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Realization Principle -- Load Non-Sharing

Main port Configured services Main link Main port Configured services
NE1
Block
Protection link Block
NE2
In normal cases, services are transmitted on the main link. The standby ports are blocked.
Block Configured services
Main link
Block Configured services
NE1
Standby port
NE2
Protection link Standby port
When the main link is disconnected, services are transmitted on the standby link. The main ports are blocked to protect services.
Page
Realization Principle -- Load Sharing

How does an air interface with 200 MHz bandwidth transfer 300 Mbit/s services
0 MHz radio 100 MHz radio link 1
100 MHz radio link 2 150 MHz radio link 2

150 MHz radio link 3 100 MHz radio link 3
Multiple radio links are aggregated to form a higher-rate logical link.
If a service flow exceeds the transmission bandwidth of a physical link, the traffic can be shared to multiple links for the service transmission. When a member in a LAG changes or a certain link fails, the traffic is re-allocated automatically. Links work in 1+1 protection mode.
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LAG Switching Conditions
Switching Condition
Ethernet port is in link down mode.
The radio port is in link down state.

The hardware of the IF unit or the ODU is faulty.
The LACP detects a fault in the link.
Switching Impact
During a LAG switching (the switching time is not longer than 500 ms), all the services on the link are interrupted.
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Precautions for Using the LAG Protection

The IFU2, IFX2, EM6T, and EM6F of the O Types of Ethernet ports in an LAG must be the same. The FE port and GE port cannot be aggregated. The air interface cannot be configured with common FE/GE port in an LAG. In an LAG, the rates of ports must be the same. In an air interface LAG, the bandwidths of air interface must be the same. Therefore, the AM attribute, channel spacing, modulation scheme, and preset number of E1 services must be set to the same values for the IF ports in an LAG. An air interface LAG can only protect data services. The TDM services on the same air interface cannot be protected. This feature is different from the 1+1/N+1 protection, which is based on radio links and can protect TDM services as well as data services on links at the same time. When creating a 1+1 HSB/FD/SD protection group of the Hybrid radio, the NE automatically creates a non-load balancing LAG whose main port is the IFUP port on the main IF board and whose slave port is the IFUP port on the standby IF board. The LAG is not displayed on the NMS and cannot be configured manually. When creating an N+1 protection group of the Hybrid radio, the NE automatically creates a load sharing LAG. In the load sharing LAG, the main port is the IFUP port on the IF board whose slot number is the smallest. The LAG is not displayed on the NMS and cannot be configured manually. When creating an N+1 protection group of the Hybrid radio, you need to create the LAG manually because the NE does not automatically creates a corresponding LAG.
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Contents
Protection

Overview of the Protection Capability Protection for Radio Links Protection for SDH/PDH Services Protection for Ethernet Services Protection for Equipment
Page 71

Protected Object Protection Schemes Power supply 1+1 hot backup of the power input unit OptiX RTN 910 OptiX RTN 950
1+1 hot backup of the internal power module

Control, switch, and clock board
1+1 Backup
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Realization Principle
The switching of the system control, switch, and clock board is classified into two planes: control plane (including the CPU minimum system) and service plane (including switch and clock). The principles for the protection switching are as follows: 1) Ensure that the services are not interrupted. 2) Ensure that the two planes are consistent on the main board and the standby board.
When a fault occurs in the main board, if the standby board can replace the main board, the standby board becomes the main board and the main board becomes the standby board.
Switching types:

Removing the board Automatic switching Switching when the main board enters the BIOS state Manual switching
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Switching Conditions
Removing the board

When the main board and the standby board work normally, remove the main
board. The standby board automatically becomes the main board.
When the main board and the standby board work normally, remove the standby board. The operations of the main board are not affected. The switching is not required.
Automatic switching
The main board and the standby board work normally. If the HARD_BAD and power voltage alarms are reported on the main board, while the standby board works normally without any alarm, the standby board automatically becomes the main board. Then, the warm reset is automatically performed on the main board.
Switching when the main board enters the BIOS state
The main board enters the BIOS state due to certain reason but cannot notify the standby board to take over the operations of the main board. 15 minutes later, the standby board automatically becomes the main board.
Manual switching
Run the relevant command to change the current main board to standby board and change the standby board to main board. The prerequisite for performing the manual switching is that the standby board works normally, that is, no HARD_BAD and power voltage alarms are generated.
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Precautions for Using the Equipment Protection
The database of the control, switch, and clock board is backed up to the standby control board. Before switching the control board, replace the standby control board. After the backup is complete, perform the manual switching by running commands and then replace the standby control board. Otherwise, the configuration data may be lost. To switch the control, switch, and clock board, you can only perform operations on the standby control, switch, and clock board.
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Contents
Protection

Overview of the Protection Capability Protection for Radio Links Protection for SDH/PDH Services

Page 76
Restrictions on Radio Equipment Interconnection
Restriction on ODUs
ODUs must be of the same model and produced by a same manufacturer. In addition, one ODU is for the primary station and the other ODU is for the non-primary station.
Restriction on IDUs
The OptiX RTN 900 supports the interconnection with boards of other RTN series.
IF Boards That Can Be Interconnected IF1 of the OptiX RTN 600 Restrictions on Interconnection If Ethernet services of the EoS are transmitted on the IF1 of the OptiX RTN 600, on the IF1 of the OptiX RTN 900, Ethernet services cannot be added or dropped but only put through. None. On the IFU2, the air interface is only used for transmitting Ethernet services. The IFU2 can be interconnected with the IFE2. In this case, the timeslot of the IEEE 1588 V2 must be enabled. -
IF Board of OptiX RTN 900 V100R002
IF1
IFH2 of the OptiX RTN 600
IFU2
IFE2 of the OptiX RTN 900 V100R002
IFX2
None.
Page 77
Product Networking
The OptiX RTN 900 provides complete radio transmission solutions and supports several types of networking solutions to meet different customer requirements.
The SDH/PDH radio has two networking modes: chain networking and ring networking.
In the TDM radio transmission solution wherein the chain networking is the basic networking form, a hop
of radio link is the basic networking unit.
In the TDM radio transmission solution wherein the ring networking is the basic networking form, the SNCP is used to protect TDM services on the radio ring. In the TDM radio transmission solution wherein the ring networking is the basic networking form, the OptiX RTN 900 constructs an STM-1 radio links and constructs a hybrid ring of fiber and radio with optical transmission equipment. The SNCP can also be used to protect services on the hybrid ring.
The Hybrid radio has two networking modes: chain networking and ring networking.
In the Hybrid radio transmission solution wherein the chain networking is the basic networking form, a hop of radio link is the basic networking unit.
In the Hybrid radio transmission solution wherein the ring networking is the basic networking form, the SNCP is used to protect the E1 services on the radio ring, and the ERPS is used to protect Ethernet services on the radio ring.
Page 78
Chain Networking of the TDM Radio
In a TDM radio transmission solution wherein the chain networking is the basic networking form:
The PDH/SDH radio link of the corresponding air-interface capacity can be created based on the capacity of the link. A PDH/SDH radio link adopts 1+0 non-protection configuration or 1+1 protection configuration. The SDH link can also adopt N+1 protection configuration as required.
The OptiX RTN 910 supports a maximum of two radio transmission directions. If the IF1 board adopts the 1+1 protection configuration, the maximum air interface capacity is STM-1. When the protection is not required, a 2+0 STM-1 radio link can be created to improve the air interface capacity to 2xSTM-1.
The OptiX RTN 950 supports a maximum of six radio transmission directions. Multiple microwave hops of a
key station are implemented by using the multi-direction radio convergence capability of the OptiX RTN 950.
Page 79
Ring Networking of the TDM Radio
In a TDM radio transmission solution wherein the ring networking is the basic networking form:

The SNCP is adopted to protect the service over the SDH or PDH radio. If the ring adopts the STM-1 radio links, the hybrid ring of radio and fiber can be constructed by using the STM-1 radio links and the optical transmission equipment. The SNCP can also be used to protect services on the hybrid ring.
Page 80
Chain Networking of the Hybrid Radio
In a Hybrid radio transmission solution wherein the chain networking is the basic networking form:
The Hybrid radio link of the corresponding air-interface capacity can be created based on the capacity of the link. A
Hybrid radio link adopts 1+0 non-protection configuration, XPIC configuration, 1+1 protection configuration, N+1 protection configuration of Hybrid links, or 1+1 protection configuration of the XPIC Hybrid links.
The OptiX RTN 910 supports a maximum of two radio transmission directions. Any channel bandwidth of the IFU2 or IFX2 board can be used. The modulation scheme can be configured to 1+1 protection and N+1 protection. On the OptiX RTN 910, two IFX2 boards must be used to configure the XPIC. However, the 1+1 protection of the XPIC Hybrid link cannot be used.
The OptiX RTN 950 supports a maximum of six radio transmission directions and supports all the configurations described above. Multiple microwave hops of a key station are implemented by using the multi-direction radio convergence capability of the OptiX RTN 950.
Page 81
Ring Networking of the Hybrid Radio
In a Hybrid radio transmission solution wherein the ring networking is the basic networking form:
The OptiX RTN 900 can use the SNCP to protect the E1 services on the radio ring and use the ERPS to protect Ethernet services on the radio ring.
Page 82
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2010-2-5

Security Level: INTERNAL

OptiX RTN 900 V100R002 Networking and Protection

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

900 V100R002 Feature Description

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

types supported by the OptiX RTN 900 V100R002.

supported by the OptiX RTN 900 V100R002.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Overview of the Protection Capability

Protection for Ethernet Services

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Protection for SDH/PDH services Protection for Ethernet services

Protection for equipment Remarks:

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

IDUs and Protection Types

Radio N+1 protection (TDM/Hybrid) Yes LMSP SNCP Yes Yes

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Radio Links and Protection Types

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Overview of the Protection Capability

Protection for Ethernet Services

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Protection for Radio Links

precautions of the 1+1 and N+1 protection modes.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Overview of 1+1 HSB/SD/FD

Restriction on paired slots Not restricted

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1+1 HSB Realization Principle (TDM)

Hybrid Antenna coupler

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1+1 HSB Realization Principle (Hybrid) --Before the Switching

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1+1 HSB Realization Principle (Hybrid) --After the Switching

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Description of the 1+1 HSB Switching

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1+1 SD Realization Principle (TDM)

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1+1 SD Realization Principle (Hybrid) --Before the Switching

1+1 SD realization principle (before the switching, in the receive direction)

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1+1 HSB Realization Principle (Hybrid) --After the HSM Switching

After the 1+1 SD HSM switching:

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1+1 SD Realization Principle (Hybrid) --After the HSM Switching

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1+1 FD Realization Principle (TDM)

Main Main ODU IF Board Hybrid coupler

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1+1 FD Realization Principle (Hybrid) --Before the Switching

1+1 FD realization principle (before the switching, in the receive direction)

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1+1 FD Realization Principle (Hybrid) --After the HSM Switching

After the 1+1 FD HSM switching:

1+1 FD Realization Principle (Hybrid) --After the HSM Switching

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1+1 FD+SD Realization Principle (TDM)

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Radio 1+1 Realization Principle -- HSM Switching

The service signal is selected at the IF board.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.