PRESENTERS: SITI ZAKIRAH CHE KU MAMAT G0923304 NOROUL RABITAH AZMAN G092

Instructor DR. MOHAMAD JOHDI SALLEH

CONTENT OUTLINE:
- INTRODUCTION - PROPHET PERIOD - KHULAFA AL-RASHIDIN PERIOD -DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC ADMINISTRATION - CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
History of Pre-Islamic administration in Arab Peninsular Refer to social and political condition of Arabs Divided into 2 large groups:

Bedouins Hadhari

The leading family is responsible to take care of pilgrims and visitors as well as kabah.

CONT

Democratic in spirit
Participate

in electing their chief The decision made in the presence of elders or nobles council of clan or tribe

Bedouins simple life Hadhari city-state form of government

EACH FAMILY HAS OWN CHIEF, EACH CLAN HAS OWN CHIEF AND EACH TRIBE HAS ITS OWN CHIEF (SHEIKH)
Tribe

Clan

Family

PROPHET (S.A.W) PERIOD

Amir Ali (1978:112) writes:

during 10 years Muhammad presided over the commonwealth of Islam, a great change come over the character of Arabs a congeries of warring tribes and clans were rapidly consolidated into a nation under this influence of one great idea

Administration of Prophet was simple and ease

No offices or officials Mosque as a centre of all activities

CONT
In it Prophet resided, led prayer, met visitors and foreign diplomats, discuss with the companions the affair of community 1st administrative decision made by Prophet was the planning , organizing and executing of early followers to Abbyssinia. 2nd administering the great migration (Hijrah) from Makkah to Madinah

CONT
Had wuzara and ministers, secretary and official writers 3 kinds of administrations

CONT

All of them are responsible to Prophet

ADMINISTRATION UNDER PIOUS CALIPHS

Abu Bakr
Umar Al-Khattab Uthman Affan Ali Abi Talib

Ali supervised captives, treatment and ransom

Umar as chief justice, distributing poor tax

Abu Ubaidah as assistant

Abu Bakr

Muadz responsible in income and expense

UMAR AL-KHATTAB (R.A)

Encouraged democratic methods in Islamic administration

Umar

Kufah

Basrah

Syria

Select an honest and reliable person for tax collector

CONT
Process of selecting men to key position

Interview

Shura

Probation

CONT
Use method of accountability use intelligence service to keep an eye Judging state officials and governors Citizens were aware of their right and duties

right

Night Patrol
To maintain law & order

Prison

Exile & punishment

Special office Investigate complaints

Annual conference Officers & governors

Treasury house

High salary to state officials

Freedom-day to day affair Limiting-general

Open door policy

Qualified scholars for judge

Development of Diwan (dept)

 1. Returning the trust 2. Authority & power 3. Ruling according to laws of God

1. Collect it rightfully 2. Spend it rightfully 3. Prevent dealing with it wrongfully

Overseeing states affairs

Policy of financial administration

UTHMAN 'AFFAN (R.A)

Too old and weak Just followed Umar footsteps Not a creative caliph

Duties

Justice

Responsibilit y

Based on Quran & Sunnah

'ALI ABI TALIB (R.A) *ADMINISTRATOR

SHOULD Relationship

Equality
Against corruption

Distribution of work

DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC ADMINISTRATION

INTRODUCTION

Many institutions were established during the early administration of Islam : The institution of caliphate The institution of wizarah (ministry) The institution of wulat (governors of provinces) Diwan (secretariat) Control boards : Hisbah (market inspector) Mazalim (investigation of grievances)

Derived from
Dev : mad or devil

Persian

Arabic

Dawwana : To collect, regist or write down on sheets. collection of records, sheets or poetry or prose.

Use for an office, secretariat, board, ministry or department.

register for troops and pensioners.

Diwan: Throughout The History

Diwan: Throughtout The History

Diwan as_sirr Diwan-addiya Diwan alNafaqat

Diwan alAzim mah

Diwan alRiqa

Diwan alSawad
Diwan alMazalim

Function
To promote good and prevent evil. Outline Islamic ethical code.

The office of a Muhtasib

Muhtasib

Entrusted with the maintenance of public morals and standards in the city. To detect and punish immorality, false weight and measures. To enforce Islamic rules

ACCORDING TO THE QURANIC VERSES

And there may spring from you a nation who invite a goodness
and enjoin right conduct and forbid indecency. Such are they who are successful. (al- Imran, 3:104)

And the believers, men and women are protecting friends one

of another; they enjoin the right and forbid the wrong. ( Hud,11:71)

THEORETICAL GUIDELINES

Theoretical Guidelines for Islamic Administration

 Three basic historical documents: By Ali ibn Abi Talib By chief secretary of the Umayyad Caliph

By Tahir Ibn al-Husayn to his son Abdullah ibn Tahir

10 manuscript
Dar al-Kutub 5 manuscripts Sulaimaniyyah Complex

Theoretical Guidelines: 1st Document

Theoretical Guidelines: 2nd Document

Theoretical Guidelines: 3rd Document

Theoretical Guidelines:

Conclusion
Administration during Prophet and Khalifah arrasyidun as the
guidelines to the Muslim.

Gradually, there is a specific task and become clear- function of

an administrative in government.

Different ways to strengthen the administrative task. Previous- to reform the practice + behaviour. Modern- for the political leverages.

References
Al-Bureay,M.A.(1990).Management

Minerals. Noor, Ismail. (1999). Prophet Muhammad s.a.w: the paragon of excellence. Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn Bhd

Islam. Daharan: king Fahd University of Petroleum and

and administration in