Cement

Concrete Mix Design means, determination of the proportion of the concrete ingredients i.e. Cement, Water, Fine Aggregate, Coarse Aggregate which would produce concrete possessing specified properties such as workability, strength and durability with maximum overall economy.

This Method is based on two basic assumptions Compressive Strength of Concrete is governed by its Water-Cement Ratio Workability of Concrete is governed by its Water Content

Grade of concrete Type of cement Type and size of aggregate Maximum/minimum cement content Maximum free water-cement ratio by weight Degree of workability of concrete Type of mixing and curing water Type of admixture used

 Compressive Workability

strength

Durability Maximum nominal size of aggregate Grading and type of aggregate Quality Control

(1)

Target mean strength of concrete:The target mean strength for specified characteristics cube strength is Fck = fck+ 1.65s Fck = 20+1.65x4 Fck = 26.6 Mpa f ck = characteristics compressive strength of 28 days. S = standard deviation. t = a statistical value depending on expected proportion of low results= 1.65 as per IS 456:2000

Grade of concrete

Assumed Standard
Deviation N/mm2

M 10 M 15 M 20 M 25 M 30 M 35 M 40 M 45 5.00 4.00 3.5

From figure the water cement ratio required for the target mean strength of 26.6Mpa is 0.50. This is lower than the maximum value of 0.55 prescribed for Mild exposure (refer table below) adopt W/C ratio of 0.50.
Sl. Exposure No. Plain concrete Minimu Maximu Minimu m m free m cement W/C grade content ratio of s kg/m3 concret e 220 0.60 240 250 260 280 0.60 0.50 0.45 0.40 M 15 M 20 M 20 M 25 Reinforced concrete Minimu Maximu m m free cement W/C content ratio s kg/m3 300 300 320 340 360 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.45 0.40 M 20 M 25 M 30 M 35 M 20

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Mild Modera te Severe Very severe Extrem e

From table(1) below,for 20mm maximum size aggregate ,Sand conforming to grading zone II. Water content per cubic meter of concrete =186kg and Sand content as percentage of total agg. By absolute volume =35% For change in value in W/c ratio, compacting factor, for sand belonging to Zone III, following adjustment is required:-

Change in condition

% adjustment required

Water content

sand in aggregate

For decrease in water cement Ratio by(0.60-0.50) that is 0.1 For increase in compacting factor (0.90-0.80), that is 0.10 For sand conforming to Zone III Of table 4, IS: 383-1970 Total

-2.0

+3

0
+3

-1.5
-3.5

Table 1:- Approximate sand and water content per cubic meter of concrete W/C =0.60, Workability =0.80 C.F. (Slump 30mm approximately) (Application for concrete up to grade M35)
Maximum Size Of aggregate (mm) Water content including surface water per cubic Metre of concrete (kg) Sand as percent of Total aggregate by absolute volume

10 20 40

200 186 165

40 35 30

Table 2:- Adjustment of value of Water content and sand percentage for other conditions

Therefore required sand content as percentage of total aggregate by absolute volume = 35 - 3.5 =31.5% Required Water content = 186 + 5.58 =191.6 l/m3

(4)Determination of sand content:Water-Cement ratio = 0.50

Water =191.6 liters Cement = 191.9/0.50 = 383 kG/m3 This cement content is adequate for MILD exposure conditions.

(5) Determination of coarse and fine aggregate contents:

From table 3 ,for the specified maximum size of aggregate of 20mm , the amount of entrapped air in the wet concrete is 2 %. Taking this in to account and applying the given equation:-

Where,

V = Absolute volume of concrete, which is equal to Gross volume (m3) minus the volume of Entrapped air,

W = mass of water (kg)/m3 of concrete, C = mass of cement (kg)/m3 of concrete Sc = Specific gravity of cement P = Ratio of FA to total aggregate by absolute
volume fa, Ca = Total masses of FA and CA (kg)/m3 of concrete Respectively and Sfa, Sca = Specific gravities of saturated, surface dry FA & CA Table 3:- Approximate Entrapped air content

Maximum size of Aggregate(mm)

Entrapped air, as percentage of Volume of concrete

10 20 40

3.0 2.0 1.0

fa =546kg/m3 Ca =

Ca = 1188kg/m3

The mix proportion the becomes=

Water Cement Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate

191.6

383

546

1188

0.50

1.425

3.10

 Super

Plasticizer used is:Sikament 170 High Performance Plasticizer

DESCRIPTION: Sikament 170 is a purpose designed material which is a chemical combination of Modified Lignosulphonates.

Sikament 170 allows the manufacture of economic high quality concrete without undesirable side effects. Sikament 170 is a ready to use liquid for producing a more uniformly cohesive quality concrete to meet the specifications and needs of Architects, Consulting Engineers and Contractors.

TECHNICAL DATA: Form: Colour: Relative Density @ 20C:

Liquid Brown 1.210

 Dry

Material Content %: pH Value: Water Soluble Chloride Content %: Alkali Content %: (as Na2O equivalent)
USES:

46.0 7.5 <0.1 Chloride free <0.60

Ready mix concrete Precast concrete Pumped concrete Lightweight concrete

ADVANTAGES:

Improved workability/reduces w/c ratio

Flexible high performance plasticiser

High resistance to segregation/reduces bleeding

Improved surface finish

Reduces shrinkage cracking potential Higher initial and ultimate compressive strengths Higher durability concrete

METHOD OF USE:For maximum dispersion Sikament 170 should be added with the mixing water, on no account should it be added to the dry cement. Where concrete is being mixed by ready mixed trucks, Sikament 170 can be added at the batching plant but the trucks must rotate their drums until a uniform mix is achieved. To produce flowing concrete a well proportioned pump mix should be used.
DOSAGE:The dosage rate of Sikament 170 is best found after initial site trials, which will take into consideration the best performance/dosage rate. As a guide an addition rate of between 0.30.5% by weight of cement is recommended (ie 0.150.25 litres per 50 Kg).

(1) Results of standard mix:Cubes Dial gauge reading(KN) Surface area of cube Strength of cube in days 7 14 28 15.55

1.

350

15cmx15cm

2.

360

15cmx15cm

16.00

3.

390

15cmx15cm

17.33

Hence,
Average

strength of concrete in 7 days is= 16.30 N/mm2 strength of concrete in 14 days is= N/mm2 strength of concrete in 28 days is= N/mm2

Average

Average

(2) Results of mix after adding super Plasticizer:Cubes Dial gauge reading(KN) Surface area of cube Strength of cube in days 7 14 28

1.

400

15cmx15cm

17.77

2.

380

15cmx15cm

16.90

3.

380

15cmx15cm

16.90

Hence,
Average

strength of concrete in 7 days is= 17.19 N/mm2 strength of concrete in 14 days is= N/mm2 strength of concrete in 28 days is= N/mm2

Average

Average

We have concluded that the result obtained from the standard mix is less when compared to the mix design with super plasticizer. The 7 day strength of standard mix was 16.30 N/mm2, where as the 7 day strength of mix after adding super plasticizer was 17.20 N/mm2. We have also seen that the workability of standard mix was less than the workability of the mix with super plasticizer. The slump value of standard mix was found to be 20mm, where as the slump value of the mix with super plasticizer was 25mm which is more than the standard mix.

Presented by :

Mahesh Sahu Md. Hasil Khan Devendra Yadav Saddam Husain Khan Tumeshwar Sahu