Group Members

Junaid Iqbal Farhan Younus Muhammad Irfan K.M.Haris

2010-EE-42 2010-EE-39 2010-EE-55 2010-EE-53

Introduction
Invented in 1930 by Frank Whittle Patented in 1934 First used for aircraft propulsion in 1942 on Me262 by Germans during second world war Currently most of the aircrafts and ships use GT engines Used for power generation Manufacturers: General Electric, Pratt &Whitney, SNECMA, Rolls Royce, Honeywell, Siemens Westinghouse, Alstom

In

this , cycle is closed and exhaust is not open to atmosphere.

In

this there is continuously supply of same working gas.

Higher

density gases like hydrogen or carbon dioxide is used.

So

we get higher efficiency then open cycle GT.

Fresh

air is drawn into the compressor from atmosphere.

Heat

is added by combustion of fuel.

Exhaust

from turbine is released in atmosphere.

Arrangement

of continuous replacement of working medium is required.

1.

Compressor Combuster Turbine

2.

3.

The compressor sucks the air from the atmosphere and compresses it and guides it to the combustion chamber.

is an annular chamber where the fuel burns and is similar to the furnace in a boiler. The air from the compressor is the Combustion air.

This

guide vanes of turbine direct the gases to the next set of blades. The kinetic energy of the hot gases impacting on the blades rotates the blades and the shaft.

Stationary

Gas turbine functions in the same way as the Compressed Ignition Engine. It sucks in air from the atmosphere, compresses it. The fuel is injected and ignited. The gases expand doing work and finally exhausts outside. The only difference is instead of the reciprocating motion, gas turbine uses a rotary motion throughout.

FUEL

AIR INLET

COMBUSTOR
EXHAUST GAS

DRIVEN EQUIPMENT

COMPRESSOR

TURBINE

Brayton Cycle: The Ideal Cycle for Gas-Turbine Engines

The Brayton cycle was first proposed by George Brayton for use in the reciprocating oil-burning engine that he developed around 1870.
Fresh air at ambient conditions is drawn into the compressor, where its temperature and pressure are raised. The highpressure air proceeds into the combustion chamber, where the fuel is burned at constant pressure. The resulting hightemperature gases then enter the turbine, where they expand to the atmospheric pressure, thus producing power. (An open cycle.)
12

Brayton Cycle (continued)

The open gas-turbine cycle can be modeled as a closed cycle, as shown in the figure below, by utilizing the airstandard assumptions. The ideal cycle that the working fluid undergoes in this closed loop is the Brayton cycle, which is made up of four internally reversible processes:
12 Isentropic compression (in a compressor) 23 Constant pressure heat addition 34 Isentropic expansion (in a turbine) 41 Constant pressure heat rejection
13

Process 1-2:

Isentropic compression in the compressor

Process 2-3:

Addition of heat at constant pressure

Process 3-4:

Isentropic expansion of air

Process 4-1:

Rejection of heat at constant pressure

Applications Applications
Generation of electric power Railway engines Military vehicles Turbojet engines Supercharging Industry

A Gas-turbine power station uses gas turbines as prime mover for generating electrical energy. This power station is generally used in conjunction with Steam Power station. This kind of power station can be used to produce limited amounts of electrical energy. In most countries these power stations are used as peaking power station

A gas turbine - electric locomotive, or GTEL, is a locomotive that uses a gas turbine to drive an electric generator or alternator. The electric current thus produced is used to power traction motors. This type of locomotive was first experimented with during the Second World War, but reached its peak in the 1950s to 1960s

Very high power-to-weight ratio, compared to reciprocating engines. Smaller than most reciprocating engines of the same power rating. Fewer moving parts than reciprocating engines Low operating pressures & High operation speeds. Low lubricating oil cost and consumption. Moves in one direction only, with fewer moving parts

Higher Cost. Less efficient than reciprocating engines at idle. Longer startup than reciprocating engines. Less responsive to changes in power demand compared to reciprocating engines. More complex machining operations


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