History and present scenario of Radio and Television

History of radio
Radio broadcasting was developed out of the wireless telegraphy. It took ten years for wireless telegraphy to become a broadcasting media. First radio station was set up in St. Petersburg and Chicago in 1920 British broadcasting corporation(BBC) was established on 18th October ,1922. National broadcasting company(NBC) was established in 1926 in U.S.A

Radio in India
Radio broadcasting was introduced in India in 1927 with two privately owned transmeters at Bombay and Calcutta. In 1930, transmeters were taken over by the government and a regulatory body, Indian broadcasting company(IBC) was formed. In 1935, a separate office for the controller was created and FILDEN took over the duties as the controller of IBC. In 1936, name of ISBS was changed to ALL INDIA RADIO and delhi station was started in the very year.

 First daily bulletin was also started in the year 1936. All India Radio was transferred to the department of information and broadcasting in the year 1946. At the time of independence, there were only 6 stations in India. All India Radio came to be known as Aakashwani Kendras in 1957. In 1997, an autonomous statutory body, Prasar Bharati, was formed under Prasar Bhaarati act, 1990.

Present scenario of radio in India

With the introduction of liberalisation policies in 1991, government allowed private players in the sector of broadcasting also. The broadcasting scenario changed with the arrival of private FM channels. The monopoly of All India Radio has been broken and AIR has also come up with some FM stations. AIR, presently have 225 radio stations and 335 transmeters. These stations and transmeters provides radio coverage to the population of 99.13% spread over 91.42% area of the country.

History of television
Experiments in TV broadcasting started in USA in 1920s. First TV station was set up in New York in 1930s. Second world war halted the expansion of TV , but immediately after the war, TV broadcasting started expanding in USA and other western countries TV broadcasting was revolutionised with the introduction of satellite television in the year 1962. And then series of development in TV broadcasting, further, resulted in better transmission.

Television in India
Terrestrial television in India started with the experimental telecast starting in Delhi on 15 September 1959 with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. The declared aim was to see what TV could achieve in community development and formal education. Transmission could cover an area of 40 km in and around Delhi. Programmes were telecasted twice a week with each programme of 20 min. duration. School TV was started in 1967 to train the science teachers of Delhi schools.

 Entertainment programmes were started on 15th august 1965 and were broadcasted daily for 1 hour. The first Hindi news bulletin was also transmitted on the very day. The first rural programme was telecasted from Delhi on 26th January 1967. On 15th august 1968, daily transmission was increased from 1 hour to 2 hours. First English news bulletin was telecasted on 3rd December 1971. Commercial services on TV were started on 1st January 1976. In 1982, Doordarshan took to coloured transmission on 15th august.

Present scenario of TV in India

In 1991, the Indian government led by P. V. Narasimha Rao started a series of economic reforms including the liberalization of the broadcasting industry, allowing private and foreign players to engage in limited operations in India. Foreign channels like CNN, STAR TV and private domestic channels such as Zee TV, ETV and Sun TV started satellite broadcasts Starting with 41 sets in 1962 and one channel, by 1995, TV in India covered more than 70 million homes giving a viewing population of more than 400 million individuals through more than 100 channels.

 Currently, there are at least five basic types of television in India: broadcast or "over-the-air" television, unencrypted satellite or "free-to-air", Directto-Home (DTH), cable television, and IPTV. Over-the-air and free-to-air TV is free with no monthly payments while Cable, DTH, and IPTV require a monthly payment that varies depending on how many channels a subscriber chooses to pay for. Channels are usually sold in groups . All television service providers are required by law to provide a brochure for the selection of channels. In present times, more than 100 channels are being broadcasted in India varying from regional language channels, foreign channels and national channels.