ECOLOGY

Power point@lecture Slides Are Prepared By Biology Lecturer, KMPk

TOPICS
12.1 : Introduction to ecology
12.2 : Ecosystem concept

12.3 : Energy Flow through ecosystem

12.4 : Biogeochemical cycles

12.5 : Biodiversity:
Conservation & management

PREVIOUS LESSON Types of Pyramid

12.4 : Biogeochemical cycles

12.5 : Biodiversity: Conservation & management

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this topic, students should be able to; Describe biogeochemical cycle components (cycling pool and reservoir pool) Explain sustainable development

BIOGEOCHEMICAL
Biogeochemical is the relation between biological and geological/ earth components and chemical changes

Biogeochemical cycles is the second major function of ecosystem (along with energy flow)
Each cycle summaries the movement of chemical elements through the living components of ecosystem Eg ; carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, oxygen cycle, sulphur cycle.

2 main component in biogeochemical cycle:

1. A reservoir pool Is the portion of the earth that acts as a storehouse for the element.(hydrosphere, atmosphere & soil) E.g : in carbon cycle & nitrogen cycle, the reservoir is the atmosphere.

2. An exchange/cycling pool Is the portion of the environment from which the plants & animals take the abiotic component from reservoir.

CARBON CYCLE
Carbon cycle carbon dioxide fixation by plants and the counterbalancing release of carbon dioxide in respiration.

Carbon dioxide is the important gas of carbon cycle.

CARBON CYCLE
Carbon enters plants , algae, and cynobacteria as CO2 which is incorporated into organic molecules by photosyntesis.
Cellular respiration, combustion and erosion of limestone return CO2 to the water and atmosphere (as reservoir) , making it available to reproduce again.

CARBON CYCLE

Biodiversity: Conservation & management

Sustainable development
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

To prevent the negative effect to the environment

Sustainable Forestry

1. Cutting limits 2. Forest reserves 3. Reforestation

Sustainable Agriculture

Crop Rotations

Contour farming

Strip Farming

Terracing

Sustainable Fishery
leaves enough fish in the

sea to breed and maintain

future stocks and ensures the environment they live in is kept healthy

Conservation and preservation

Preservation implies complete protection, with little human disturbance

Wilderness and certain unique habitats for wildlife must be kept intact

 Conservation is how humans impact organisms and of the development of ways to protect biological diversity

Safeguarding populations of endangered

species

Preserving entire ecosystems and

landscapes

Ecosystem management through conservation and preservation

They are various techniques of conservation used in ecosystem management

Nature reserves and national parks
These are habitats legally safeguarded and patrolled by wardens Taman Negara in Pahang are established to conserve biodiversity

Planned land use

Certain specific areas may be set aside for designated use
The types of activities permitted on the land are carefully controlled by legislation For example in Malaysia 43.50% of total forest land or 14.33 million hectares are designated as Permanent Forest Estate (PFE) and is under sustainable management .

Legal protection of endangered species

Endangered species have been identified and are protected by law which include, among others, the tigers, rhinoceros, slow loris and even the birdwing butterfly

CONCLUSION
Ecosystem management through conservation and preservation

Nature reserves

National Parks

Planned land

Legal protection of endangered species

Commercial farming

NEXT LECTURE

13.0 POPULATION ECOLOGY