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STARTING SYSTEM
STEAM TURBINE
STEAM
MW LOAD HP/IP LP
AIR INLET
LOAD TURB
MW
COMPRESSOR
HEAT ENGINE
A DEVICE THAT CONVERTS HEAT INTO WORK IS KNOWN AS HEAT ENGINE
EXAMPLE : - Petrol Engine - Diesel Engine - Gas Turbine Engine - Steam Engine
HEAT ENGINE
High Temperature Source
Heat Sink
Otto Cycle
Pressure (P) 3
1 - 2 Compression 2 - 3 Combustion 3 - 4 Expansion 4 - 1 Exhaust
4 2 1 Volume (V)
DIESEL CYCLE
Pressure (P) 3 2
1 - 2 Compression 2 - 3 Combustion 3 - 4 Expansion 4 - 1 Exhaust
1 Volume (V)
BRAYTON CYCLE
(Constant Pressure Cycle) Pressure (P) 2 3
1 - 2 Compression 2 - 3 Combustion 3 - 4 Expansion 4 - 1 Exhaust
Volume (V)
b t 3
c
1 AIR
GENERATOR
When the Brayton Cycle is worked out for a steady flow process, we have a simple gas turbine cycle. In a simple gas turbine cycle, combustion & exhaust occur at constant pressure and compression & expansion occur continuously.
Accessory Compartment
Several system involved in turbine operation located in this section : 1. Starting Mean 2. Fuel System 3. Lubrication & Seal Oil System 4. Hydraulic System 5. Cooling Water System 6. Atomizing Air System Major components - starting motor, torque converter & accessory drive gear.
Compressor Section
The Axial flow Compressor section consists of : 1. Compressor Rotor 2. Enclosing Casing Within the compressor casing are Inlet guide Vanes (IGV), 17 stages of rotor & stator airfoil-shaped blades and exit guide vanes. The stator (casing) for compressor composed of four major sections : 1. Inlet casing 2. Forward Compressor casing 3. Aft Compressor casing 4. Compressor discharge casing
Combustion System
The combustion system is a reverse-flow type with 14 combustion chambers arranged around the periphery of the compressor discharge casing. The major components consists of : 1. Fuel nozzles 2. Spark plug ignition system 3. Ultraviolet flame detector 4. Combustion wrapper 5. Combustion chamber - comb. liners & transition piece 6. Crossfire tubes
Turbine Section
The three-stage turbine section is the area where energy, in the form of high temperature pressurized gas produced by the compressor & combustion sections, is converted to mechanical energy.
Major components in the turbine section are : 1. Turbine rotor - consists of two wheel shafts, the 1st., 2nd. & 3rd. Stage turbine wheel with buckets & two turbine spacers. 2. Turbine stator - consists of turbine shell and exhaust frame. Turbine stationary nozzles, diaphragm, shroud, bearing no. 3 & exhaust diffuser are internally supported from these components.
Bearings
The MS9000 gas turbine unit contain three main journal bearings used to support the gas turbine rotor & thrust bearing to maintain rotor to stator axial position & support thrust load developed on the rotor. No. Class 1 1 1 2 3 Loaded Unloaded Journal Journal Journal Type Tilting pad -thrust equalizing Tilting pad - non thrust equalizing Elliptical elliptical Tilting pad.
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Solenoid valve Heating device Temperature switch Limit switch Vibration detector Manual switch Fire detector Overload protection Pressure switch Servo. Valve Level detecting system
88 90 96 -
Starting System
Like other internal combustion engines, a gas turbine cannot produce torque at zero speed. The starting mean system is used to start the gas turbine rolling, crank it to firing speed and assist the fired turbine to self-sustaining speed. This is accomplished by an induction motor starting device operating through a torque converter coupled to the accessory gear. This arrangement provides the cranking torque for turbine start-up. For shutdown, this continues to rotate the turbine rotor at slow speed for cool down purposes.
Gas Fuel
The gas fuel system is designed to deliver gas fuel to the turbine combustion chambers at the proper pressures & flow rates to meet all of the starting, accelerating, loading requirements of gas turbine operation. Major components are : 1. Pneumatic block valve VA27-1 2. Y-type strainer 3. Gas stop/speed ratio (VSR) & control (VGC) valve 4. Fuel gas low pressure alarm switch 63FG 5. Gas pressure gauges & vent valves 6. Gas fuel hydraulic trip relay VH5 7. Valve control servo-valves 8. Valve control LVDTs 9. Gas manifolds to Comb. chambers. 10. Fuel metering system
Liquid Fuel
The liquid fuel system pumps and distributes fuel supplied from offbase fuel forwarding system to the fourteen fuel nozzles of the combustion system. The fuel system filters the fuel & divides the fuel flow into 14 equal parts for distribution to the combustion chamber at the required pressure & flow rates. Fuel pump bypass VC3 regulates the amount of fuel input to the turbine combustion chamber by varying amount of bypassed fuel. If valve closes, less fuel is circulated around the pump and more fuel goes to the combustors & vice versa. The position of the bypass valve is a linear function of the Fuel Stroke Reference (FSR) generated by the Speedtronic Mark V Control.
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Fuel oil stop valve VS1 Liquid fuel pump PF1 Fuel pump discharge relief valve VR4 Fuel bypass Valve VC3 Flow divider FD1 Selector valve assembly Fuel line check valves Fuel Nozzle assemblies False Start drain valves VA17-1, -2 & -5
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Liquid fuel servo valve 65FP Fuel pump clutch solenoid 20CF Permissive limit switches 33FL-1 & -2 Hydraulic trip relay VH4 LVDTs 96FP-1 & -2 Magnetic pickups 77FD-1,-2 & -2