• The name WiMAX was

created by the WiMAX

Forum
• The forum describes
WiMAX as "a standards-
based technology enabling
the delivery of last mile
wireless broadband access
as an alternative to cable
and DSL
 WiMAX Standards
802.16/c 802.16a/REVd/ 802.16e
2004
Spectrum 11-66 GHz 2-11 GHz 2-6 GHz

Channel LOS LOS, NLOS NLOS

Conditions
Bit Rate 32-124 Mbps 1-70 Mbps Up to 50 Mbps

Modulatio QPSK, 16QAM and OFDM 256 sub-carriers, QPSK, SOFDMA

64QAM 16QAM and 64QAM
n

Mobility Fixed Fixed, Portable Mobile (upto

120Km/h)

Channel 20, 25 and 28 MHz Selectable channel bandwidths Selectable channel

between 1.5 and 20 MHz bandwidths
Bandwidth between 1.25 and
s 20 MHz

Typical 1-3 miles 3-5 miles 1-3 miles

Cell Radius Maximum range 30 miles based
on the tower height
 ADSL

WI MAX is a Telecommunications technology

aimed at providing wireless data over long
distances in a variety of ways, from point-to-point
links to full mobile cellular type access. It is
based on the IEEE 802.16 standard, which is
also called Wireless MAN.
WiMax PC Cards
802.16d
•802.16d has never existed as a
standard.
•The standard is correctly called
802.16-2004 and was developed
by the IEEE 802.16 Task Group d.
• Project was called 802.16d
 802.16e
•Just as 802.16d has never existed
as a standard, neither has
802.16e
• 802.16e is an amendment to
802.16-2004, and the amendment
is properly referred to as 802.16e-
2005.
• 802.16e-2005 is not a standard
in its own right — since it is only
an amendment, the original
document (802.16-2004) has to be
read and then the amendments
 Fixed WiMAX

IEEE 802.16-2004 ('802.16d')

 Fixed WiMAX
•This is a phrase frequently used
to refer to systems built using
802.16-2004 ('802.16d') and the
OFDM PHY as the air interface
technology.

•Fixed WiMAX deployments do not

cater for handoff between Base
Stations, therefore the service
provider cannot offer mobility.
Mobile WiMAX

802.16e-
ISP
 Mobile WiMAX
•A phrase frequently used
to refer to systems built
using 802.16e-2005 and
the OFDMA PHY as the air
interface technology.

•"Mobile WiMAX"
implementations can be
used to deliver both fixed
and mobile services
 USES
Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots
with each other and to other
parts of the Internet.
 USES…
Providing a wireless
alternative to cable
and DSL for last
mile broadband
access
 USES…
Providing high-speed
data and
telecommunications
services.
 USES…
•Providing a diverse source of
Internet connectivity as part of a
business continuity plan.
•That is, if a business has a fixed
and a wireless Internet connection,
especially from unrelated providers,
they are unlikely to be affected by
the same service outage.
 NLOS
There is the non-line-of-sight, WiFi
sort of service, where a small antenna on
your computer connects to the tower. In this
mode, WiMAX uses a lower frequency
range -- 2 GHz to 11 GHz (similar to WiFi).
Lower-wavelength transmissions are not as
easily disrupted by physical obstructions --
they are better able to diffract, or bend,
around obstacles.
 70
km
k m
o 8
5t
 LOS service, where a
There is line-of-sight
fixed dish antenna points straight at
the WiMAX tower from a rooftop or
pole. The line-of-sight connection is
stronger and more stable, so it's able
to send a lot of data with fewer errors.
Line-of-sight transmissions use higher
frequencies, with ranges reaching a
possible 66 GHz. At higher frequencies,
there is less interference and lots more
bandwidth
 WiFi-style access will be
NLOS
limited to a 4-to-6 mile radius
(perhaps 65 square km of
coverage, which is similar in
range to a cell-phone zone).
Through the stronger line-of-sight
antennas, the WiMAX transmitting
station would send data to
WiMAX-enabled computers or
routers set up within the
transmitter's 48 -Km radius (9,300
square km of coverage). This is
what allows WiMAX to achieve its
 l o s
0 KM
> 5

n l o s
0 KM
> 1
 What Can WiMAX Do?
•WiMAX operates on the
same general principles as
WiFi -- it sends data from one
computer to another via
radio signals.
•A computer (either a
desktop or a laptop)
equipped with WiMAX would
receive data from the WiMAX
•The fastest WiFi connection
can transmit up to 54
megabits per second under
optimal conditions.
•WiMAX should be able to
handle up to 70 megabits per
second. Even once that 70
megabits is split up between
several dozen businesses or a
few hundred home users, it
will provide at least the
equivalent of cable-modem
WI-MAX RANGE OF OPERATION
 WiMAX Could Boost Government Security

WiMAX could be used to set up a

back-up (or even primary)
communications system that
would be difficult to destroy with
a single, pinpoint attack. A
cluster of WiMAX transmitters
would be set up in range of a key
command center but as far from
each other as possible. Each
transmitter would be in a bunker
hardened against bombs and
other attacks. No single attack
could destroy all of the
transmitters, so the officials in
ISP
The WiMAX protocol is designed to
accommodate VoIP also.
VoIP allows people to make local, long-
distance andVoice
even over Wi-Max
international ?
calls
through a broadband Internet connection,
Threat to Voice operator..?
bypassing phone companies entirely.
If WiMAX-compatible computers become
very common, the use of VoIP could increase
dramatically.
Almost anyone with a laptop could make
VoIP calls.
• WiMax supports VoIP feature but
VoIP works on softswitch it uses
H.323 protocol for digitizing the voice
• Sampling frequency 8 kHz
• 64 kbit/s bitrate (8 kHz sampling
frequency x 8 bits per sample)
• Typical algorithmic delay is 0.125
ms, with no look-ahead delay
• or G.711 u-law, 4.11 for G.711 a-law
• G.711 is a waveform speech coder
• G.711 Appendix I defines a Packet
Loss Concealment (PLC) algorithm to
help hide transmission losses in a
packetized network
• G.711 Appendix II defines a
Discontinuous Transmission (DTX)
algorithm which uses Voice Activity
Detection (VAD) and Comfort Noise
Generation (CNG) to reduce
bandwidth usage during silence
• PSQM testing under ideal
conditions yields Mean
Opinion Scores of 4.45 for
G.711 u-law, 4.45 for
G.711 a-law
• PSQM testing under
network stress yields Mean
Opinion Scores of 4.13 f
 Wi MAX in CHENNAI..?
The Chennai-based telecom company
launched WiMAX in Chennai. ABS
WiMAX provides wireless Internet
access with 99.5 per cent
connectivity. With 16 base stations in
Chennai, 95 per cent of the city has
been covered, about 50 `hot spots' in
the city where WiMAX can be
accessed using prepaid cards
CPE RENTAL
WIMAX CPE
 A company will rent out the
CPE device and support
infrastructure to users for Rs
30,000 a year. Currently,
connectivity speeds of up to
10 mbps is available starting
at Rs 5 lakh a year for 512
kbps
WIMAX CPE
SIEMENS
Nokia WIMAX
N 810
CPE WITH ANTENNA
MOTOROLA CPE
CPE DEPLOYNMENT
Wimax BS
Wi Max Sectorial
NOKIA on WiMAX
 BSNL Wi MAX

India's largest telecom operator BSNL after

tasting concurrent success with its
aggressive ADSL based wired and Wi-Fi
based wireless broadband access
initiatives is now aiming to cover larger
areas using WiMAX.
 BSNL Wi MAX
BSNL
The state run company, which
signed nearly a million broadband
subscribers since January 2005
when it started offering broadband
services, recently disrupted the
broadband access market with
aggressive rollout of Wi-Fi hot
spots in 24 cities offering low tariff
Wi-Fi access.
 BSNL Wi MAX
The telecom major is now
planning to provide broadband
wireless services using WiMax
technology in Chennai,
Bangalore, Kolkata, Delhi and
Mumbai by next year and is
setting up 10 base stations for
commencing the trials
 Tentative Tariff

Speed Rent Usage

150 Kbps 750 U/L
300 1000 U/L
600 1800 U/L
2 Mbps 750 4 GB
0.90/MB
 MIMO
With the added support for a variety
of advanced multi-antenna
implementations, Mobile WiMAX
offers the wireless operator
considerable relief in meeting their
growing network demands with
higher performance, fewer sites, less
spectrum, and reduced cost.