A presentation on

Estimation of moment force in tall building Sequential Analysis

by Praveen Kumar Bhannarwar M.Tech. ( structure) IVsem. 2008ST09

Under Guidance of : Prof. S.K. Duggal Dr. Rama Shanker

OVER VIEW
INTRODUCTION

LITERATURE REVIEW
SEQUENTIAL AND SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS PROBABLE STRUCTURAL PARAMETER NUMERICAL STUDY NEURAL NETWORK TRAINING AND VALIDATION APPLICATION CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION Invariably the buildings are subjected to two type of vertical load: Live load and dead load. This mode of application of two

type of load are quite different, while the live load comes after
the construction and is resisted by whole structure. The dead load builds up sequentially stage. The difference in the mode of

application of load affects the distribution of the stresses in beam

and column, therefore it is common to carry out analysis for the dead load also. The appropriate procedure, is the sequential analysis procedure, which incorporates the construction

sequence as an additional variable, and takes into account the

sequential application of dead loads.

 Constructions of tall buildings after invention of high strength

materials.

Analysis are based upon Finite Element Software like

STAAD,SAP etc.

There are several assumptions in analysis, If there are

deviation in assumptions, It gives error in results. Structures will fail, if designs are based on incorrect result like axial force and moment.

OBJECTIVE
Identify the significant structural parameters of bending moment in the beams, with influence the behavior under vertical loads. Carry out comprehensive studies on the errors resulting from the use of simultaneous analysis procedure for dead load for the identified structural parameters. Identify the dominant structural parameters from the studied carried out in (ii)

 Develop a neural network which simulate the results of sequential analysis procedure by feeding the results of simultaneous analysis procedure together with dominant structural parameters at the input layer, and Validate the proposed neural network.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Chakraborti et. Al. 1978, studied behavior under sequential load,
using sequential analysis procedure where the members forces are found to be quite different from those obtained using the simultaneous analysis procedure. There is reduction in the end moments of the beams and the difference between the two results is a function of relative stiffness of adjacent beams. Choi et al. (1992) have proposed a correction factor method for considering the sequential effects the simultaneous analysis

procedure. Normalized correction factors curves have been

produced based on simultaneous and sequential analysis of a few practical building.

 Mukherjee and Deshpande (1995) studied the application of neural

net in the preliminary design of structure. The application of ANNs

in the design of a single span Reinforced Concrete (RC) beam was explored. The inputs to the consisted of the beam, the type of steel chosen, the grade of the concrete and the applied load. The outputs were in the form of the area of tensile steel, width of beam, cost of

beam per meter and the moment capacity of beam.

Anderson et. al (1993) investigated the prediction of minor axis steel connections using Back-Propagation networks. The study considered the minor axis beam to column connections which restrain the columns from buckling.

ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES

SEQUENTIAL Loads are applied sequentially one by one

SIMULTANEOUS Loads are applied simultaneous at one time

Final forces can be determined

after superposition Example-dead load of structure

Final force can be determined

in one time Example-live load of structure

PROBABALE STRUCTURAL PARAMETER

Sf (Stiffness factor) = Shear stiffness of beams to

column axial stiffness

Number of stories

Normalized height of the floor, x/H

Position of column; Exterior or Interior

Stiffness Ratio = Kc/Kb

SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

N- Multistory Building Frame

SEQUENTIAL ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

2nd Structure

Nth Structure
N- Story building 1st Structure

N - Multistory Building Frame

BASIC PARAMETER OF ANALYSIS

= Ratio of moment force in beam by sequential analysis and moment force in beam by simultaneous analysis

NUMERICAL STUDY
A 6-bay, 100 storey uniform building frame was considered Span bay was 5 meter,3 meter high and column size 1m x 1m Load was consider uniform distributed with intensity 30 kN/m

and modulus of elasticity=1.5 x 107 kN/m2

Poisons ratio = 0.15 and density was taken 25 kN/m3 Software package STAAD was used for analysis

Variation of on Exterior Base Beam

1.50 Left Side 1.30 Center Right Side 1.10

No. of Floor =100 No. of Bays = 6

0.90

0.70

0.50 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

Stiffness Factor Sf

Variation of on Exterior Beam of 40th Floor

4.00 Left Side Center 2.00 Right Side

0.00 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

-2.00

-4.00

No. of Floor =100 No. of Bays = 6

-6.00

Stiffness Factor Sf

Variation of on Exterior Beam of 80th Floor

3.50 Left Side Right Side 2.50 Center

No. of Floor =100

No. of Bays = 6

1.50

0.50

0.00 -0.50

0.02

0.04

0.06

Stiffness Factor Sf

Variation of on Interior Base Beam

2.00

1.80 Left Side 1.60 Center Right Side

No. of Floor =100 No. of Bays = 6

1.40

1.20

1.00

0.80

0.60 0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

Stiffness Factor Sf

Variation of on Interior Beam of 40th Floor

4.50 Left Side 3.50 Center Right Side 2.50

No. of Floor =100 No. of Bays = 6

1.50

0.50

0.00 -0.50

0.02

0.04

0.06

Stiffness Factor Sf

Variation of on Interior Beam of 80th Floor

3.50 Left Side Center

2.50

Right Side

No. of Floor =100 No. of Bays = 6

1.50

0.50

0.00 -0.50

0.02

0.04

0.06

Stiffness Factor Sf

Variation of on Exterior Base Beam

Sf = 0.048 No. of Bays = 6

No. of Floor

Variation of on Exterior Base Beam

Sf = 0.024 No. of Bays = 6

No. of Floor

Variation of on Exterior Base Beam

Sf = 0.0024 No. of Bays = 6

No. of Floor

Variation of on Exterior Base Beam

Sf = 0.00024 No. of Bays = 6

No. of Floor

Variation of on Exterior Base Beam

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.048

Normalized height of the building x/H

Variation of on Exterior Base Beam

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.024

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.048

Normalized height of the building x/H

Variation of on Exterior Base Beam

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.0024

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.048

Normalized height of the building x/H

Variation of on Exterior Base Beam

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.00024 No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.0024

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.048

Normalized height of the building x/H

Variation of on Interior Base Beam

No. of floor = 100 No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.00024 No. of Bays = 6 No. of floor = 100 Sf = 0.048 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.0024

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.048

Normalized height of the building x/H

Variation of on Interior Base Beam

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.024

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.048

Normalized height of the building x/H

Variation of on Interior Base Beam

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.0024

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.048

Normalized height of the building x/H

Variation of on Interior Base Beam

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.00024

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.048

Normalized height of the building x/H

Variation of on Base Beam

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.048

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.048

Position of the Beam

Variation of on Base Beam

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.024

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.048

Position of the Beam

Variation of on Base Beam

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.0024

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.048

Position of the Beam

Variation of on Base Beam

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.00024

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.048

Position of the Beam

Variation of on 50th Floor

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.048

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.048

Position of the Beam

Variation of on 50th Floor

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.024

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.048

Position of the Beam

Variation of on 50th Floor

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.0024

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.048

Position of the Beam

Variation of on 50th Floor

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.00024

No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.048

Position of the Beam

Variation of on Exterior base Beam

No. of floorfloor = 100 No. of = 100 No. of Bays = 6 S = 0.024

f

Sf = 0.048

Stiffness Ratio

Variation of on Interior base Beam

No. of floorfloor = 100 No. of = 100 No. of floor = 100 No. of Bays = 6 Sf = 0.024 Sf = 0.024 Sf = 0.048

Stiffness Ratio

GOVERNING STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS

Sf (Stiffness factor) = Shear stiffness of beams to column axial stiffness Number of stories Normalized height of the floor, x/H

Position of beam; Exterior or Interior

BASIC ELEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

PROCESSING ELEMENTS INPUTS AND OUTPUT WEIGHTING FACTORS INPUT FUNCTION AND ACTIVATION FUNCTION LEARNING FUNCTION

INPUT AND OUTPUT OF THE ANN

Only one output - Four input Stiffness ratio(Sf) Normalized height of floor(x/H) Total number of floor present in building Position of the beam; exterior or interior

Training graph for Exterior beam

Er ror (M

S
E)

Iteration

number of hidden layer = 2 number of neurons = 9

Training graph for Interior beam

Er ror (M S E)

Iteration

number of hidden layer = 2 number of neurons = 9

VALIDATION
Neural network has been tested for the data for which

it was not trained and it has been observed from Fig.

that there is close agreement between the value obtained from the analysis and that obtained from the Neural Network.

Comparison of on Left Side of The Exterior Beam

1.30
Analysis Value ANN Value 1.20

1.10

1.00

0.90

0.80

0.70

number of hidden layer = 2 number of neurons = 9

Comparison of on Center of the Exterior beam

1.30 Analysis Value ANN Value

1.20

1.10

1.00

0.90

0.80

0.70

0.60

number of hidden layer = 2 number of neurons = 9

Comparison of on Right Side of The Exterior Beam

1.60 Analysis Value ANN Value 1.40

1.20

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

number of hidden layer = 2 number of neurons = 9

Comparison of on Left Side of The Interior Beam

1.6

Analysis Value
1.4 ANN Value

1.2

0.8

0.6

number of hidden layer = 2 number of neurons = 9

Comparison of on Center of the Interior beam

1.2 Analysis Value ANN Value 1

0.8

0.6

0.4

number of hidden layer = 2 number of neurons = 9

Comparison of on Right Side of The Interior Beam

1.8
Analysis Value 1.6 ANN Value

1.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

number of hidden layer = 2 number of neurons = 9

CONCLUSIONS
Number of structural parameters which influence the moment force by simultaneous and sequential

analysis have been identified.

Most influential parameter is the stiffness factor.

Values of actual moment in structure can be

determined, if result of simultaneous analysis are

known.
Developed Neural Network yields good results for large and minimum height building.

REFERENCECES
Chakraborti, S.C., Nayak, G.C., and Agarwala, S.K (1978). Effect of construction sequence in the analysis of multistoried building frames. Building and Environment,(13),1-6 Choi, C.K., Chung, D.G., and Wilson (1992). Building analysis with sequential dead loads J.Struct.Engg.,ASCE,118(4),944-954

Mukherjee and J.M. Deshpande,(1995) Application of Artificial

Networks in Structural Design Expert System, Computers and Structure, Vol. 54 D.Anderson ,(1993). Appliation of Artificial Neural Network to prediction of Minor axis Steel Connections.

Thank You