1

BEAM-COLUMNS
PROF. V. KALYANARAMAN

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Chennai 600036
email: kalyan@civil.iitm.ernet.in
2
DESIGN OF BEAM COLUMNS
INTRODUCTION

SHORT & LONG BEAM-COLUMNS Modes of failure
Ultimate strength
BIAXIALLY BENT BEAM-COLUMNS

DESIGN STRENGTH EQUATIONS
Local Section Flexural Yielding
Overall Member Flexural Buckling

STEPS IN ANALYSING BEAM-COLUMNS

ANALYSIS EXAMPLE

SUMMARY
3
INTRODUCTION
Causes Of Bending In Beam Columns
x
y
z
Eccentric Compression
Joint Moments in Braced Frames Rigid
Sway Moments in Unbraced Frames
Biaxial Moments in Corner Columns of
Frames

4
SHORT BEAM-COLUMNS






P
cs
= A
g
* f
y
M
P
= Z * f
y

P
=
P
cs
Axial
compression
M
P

Bending
moment

F
c
M
Combined compression
and bending, P & M
f
y
f
y
f
y
f
y
f
y
f
y
f
y
f
y
f
y
+
M
5
SHORT BEAM-COLUMNS

Failure
envelope
1.0
O
1.0
M
o
/M
p
M
max
/M
p
M/M
p
Short column
loading curve
F
cl
/P
cs
F
0
/P
cs
F
c
/P
cs
Eqn. 3
M / M
P
s 1.0
F
c
/ P
cs
+ 0.85 M / M
P
s 1.0
Eqn 3
6
LONG BEAM COLUMNS
Linear
Non-Linear

o
o
0

M
0

P *o
M
0

Non Sway Frame
7
LONG BEAM-COLUMNS

Sway Frames
A
0

A
M
0

M
8
LONG BEAM-COLUMNS

B
M
0
0.5
0.8
P/P
cr =
0.0
1.0
u
0.8
O
1.0
P .
P
cr

M
0
/M
P
= 0.0
o
A
0.1
0.5
|
.
|

\
|

=
E
0
P
P
1
o
o
|
.
|

\
|

=
E
0
P
P
1
A
A
|
.
|

\
|

=
E
0 m
max
P
P
1
M C
M
9
LONG BEAM-COLUMNS

Long columns
loading curve
Short column
loading curve
F
cl
/P
cs
F
0
/P
cs
F
c
/P
cs
Eqn. 3
Failure Envelope
M
o
/M
p
M
max
/M
p
M / M
P

1.0
1.0
10
SLENDER BEAM-COLUMNS

A
After correction
for (P-o) effect
F
c
/P
cs
F
cl
/P
cs
M
y
/M
py

Short column
failure envelope
After correcting for sway and
bow (P-A and P-o)
1.0
1.0
P*
A
P*
o
Minor axis bending
1.0
Major axis bending
M
x
/M
px
F
c
/P
cs
F
cl
/P
cs
After
correction
for (P-o) effect
Short column
failure envelope
After correcting for sway
and bow (P-A and P-o)
1.0
Uniaxial Bending
11
SLENDER BEAM-COLUMNS

A
M
x
u
M
px
P/P
y
< 0.25
P/P
y
>0.5
Short Column
Slender Column
Fig. 7 Beam-column Moment Rotation Behaviour
O
B
C
C

F
F
F
E
D
12
BEAM-COLUMNS / BIAXIAL BENDING
F
cl
/P
cs
M
y
/ M
py

M
x
/M
px
Fig. 8 beam-columns under Biaxial Bending
/r = 0
/r increases
13
DESIGN STRENGTH EQUATIONS
Local Section Failure



Overall Member failure



0 . 1
f Z
M
f Z
M
f A
yd y
y
yd x
x
yd g
F
c
0 . 1
M
M
M
M
F
F
uy
y
y
ux
x
x
cl
c
s + + K K
14
STEPS IN BEAM-COLUMN ANALYSIS
Steps in Beam-Column Analysis
Calculate section properties
Evaluate the type of section
Check using interaction equation for section
yielding
Check using interction equation for overall
buckling
15
SUMMARY
Short Beam-Columns Fail by Section
Plastification
Slender Beam-Columns may Fail By
Section Plstification
Overall Flexural Yielding
Overall Torsional-Flexural Buckling
Intetaction Eqs. Conservatively Consider
P-o and P-A Effects
Advanced Analysis Methods Account for P- o
and P- A Effects, directly & more accuraely