WDM Network Technology

ISSUE 1.0

Optical Network Curriculum Development Section

Objectives

On completion of this course ,you will be able to :

Understand the basic concept of WDM

network ,

Grasp the budgeting method in WDM network design ,

Know channel coding technology in WDM

network ,

Contents

Chapter 1 WDM network description Chapter 2 Factors to be considered in WDM networking budget Chapter 3 Coding Technology

Chapter 1 WDM network description

1.1 WDM NE Types 1.2 WDM Network Topology

WDM NE Types

1.OTM 2.OADM 3.OLA

O T M OADM

O T M

4.REG

R E G

R E G

OTM
OTU

MUX Optical Amplifier

OSC

Optical Amplifier
OTU DeMUX

OLA
Optical amplifier

OSC

Optical amplifier

OADM
OSC

OA

OADM
OA

OA

OA

OTU

TMUX

REG
MUX
O T U

DeMUX Optical amplifier

OSC DeMUX O T U

MUX
Optical amplifier

Chapter 1 WDM network description

1.1 WDM NE Types 1.2 WDM network topology

Point to Point Network

SDH

OTM

OLA

OLA

OTM

SDH

It consists of OTM and OLA ,and OADM is not included .

Chain network
16 STM-16 OTM OADM 8 STM-16

16 STM-16

OTM

Ring Network

OADM

OADM

OADM

OADM

Note: OADM is including static OADM and back-to-back OTM (OTM-OTM)

Chapter 1 WDM network description

1.1 WDM NE Types 1.2 WDM network Topology

Contents

Chapter 1 WDM network description Chapter 2 Factors to be considered in WDM networking budget Chapter 3 Coding Technology

Chapter 2 Factors to be considered in WDM networking budget

2.1 Attenuation 2.2 Dispersion 2.3 OSNR 2.4 Nonlinearity

Attenuation
S A R

Ps

Pr

Under worst condition : L=(Ps-Pr)/a

Ps :Launched optical power (with single channel) at transmitter side Pr :Receiving optical power (with single channel) at receiver side . a :Attenuation coefficient . it is recommended as 0.275dB/km (for G.652) from ITU-T when taking optical splicing and redundancy into consideration ,

Attenuation

Example

Ps=5dBm, Pr= -17dBm, L= 80km

Ps=5dBm, Pr= -28dBm, L= 120km

Chapter 2 Factors to be considered in WDM networking budget

2.1 Attenuation 2.2 Dispersion 2.3 OSNR 2.4 Nonlinearity

Dispersion

Dispersion

limited distance=

(Dispersion tolerance/dispersion coefficient)- (1030)

(Normally , Redundancy is considered as 10~30 km )
Dispersion

tolerance it depends on the spectrum

performance of light source .

Dispersion performance with STM-16 level

Dispersion tolerance of light source is 7200ps/nm ,

12800ps/nm etc,.

Dispersion coefficient is about 17ps/nm.km in G.652 fiber (20ps/nm is used in project when redundancy is considered),

Typically ,dispersion coefficient is about 1~6ps/nm.km in G.655 fiber .

Dispersion performance with STM-64 level

Dispersion tolerance of light source is 700ps/nm ,

1200ps/nm etc,.

Dispersion coefficient is the same as above . Max. transmission distance without compensation : In G.652 L=700/17-(1030) In G.655 L=700/6-(1030)

Dispersion compensation

It is necessary to make dispersion compensation in STM-64 system .

Distributing compensation is recommended to obtain good effect .

Chapter 2 Factors to be considered in WDM networking budget

2.1 Attenuation 2.2 Dispersion 2.3 OSNR 2.4 Nonlinearity

ASE Noise

Span

Signal

NoiseASE

OSNR

OSNR
OSNR is used to measure accumulation degree of ASE noise .defined as :
The ratio of signal power to the noise power inside a specific band nearby signal: P s P ASE

OSNR

How To Reduce Noise Accumulation

Adopt Optical Amplifiers with low noise :

Application of Preamplifiers with low noise Raman technology

System Design With Raman Amplifiers

Chapter 2 Factors to be considered in WDM networking budget

2.1 Attenuation 2.2 Dispersion 2.3 OSNR 2.4 Nonlinearity

Nonlinearity Limitation
Nonlinearity Limitation :

Limit optical power of single channel Limit optical power coupled into fiber
Refer to G.663

Take FWM into account ,channel spacing is strictly required in G.653 .

Refer to G.692

Nonlinearity :
SBS, SRS, FWM, SPM, XPM etc,.

Contents

Chapter 1 WDM network description Chapter 2 Factors to be considered in WDM networking budget Chapter 3 Coding Technology

Chapter 3 Coding Technology

How to increase OSNR tolerance in WDM system?

Adopt

Forward Error Correction Technology

FEC/EFEC
Adopt

special coding technology : RZ format etc,.

Chapter 3 Coding Technology

3.1 FEC coding 3.2 RZ coding

FEC Technology

FECForward Error correction At transmitter end, some additional overheads bits or bytes are inserted into the transmitting data, at receiver end, wrong data (error) will be corrected through additional bits or bytes.

With FEC function, It can improve BER performance

without increasing OSNR requirement.

FEC Technology

Digital encapsulation
RS Coding255239

OSNR and FEC

FEC is used to correct code, it doesnt increase optical power or improve OSNR, but data error ratio is reduced under the same condition.
In case of BER<10-12

Without FEC :OSNR is required to be more than 20dB

With FEC, OSNR is required to be more than 16dB

In practical application, when FEC function is available, it means long distance transmission with multiple sections can be achieved.

Chapter 3 Coding Technology

3.1 FEC coding 3.2 RZ coding

RZ

RZReturn to Zero Code

CLOCK

T
NRZ
1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1

T
RZ

RZ Coding

Small duty cycle and power density

Higher ability to resist dispersion and nonlinearity, Higher ability to resist eye pattern degradation resulted by PMD.

I1-I0 I1-I0

Super WDM