Grounding the Electrical System

Reference: AAVIM Electrical Wiring Created May 2007

Purpose of the Grounding System

Fundamental to the safety of those
installing, using, and servicing the electrical system Assures the system will work properly while preventing damage to the system

NEC Requirements
All electrical systems serving structure
must be bonded together Including the following
Electrical wiring system Telephone system Phone system Burgular alarm system Cable or satellite system

Grounding
The process of making a planned,
continuous, connection between NONCURRENT CARRYING parts of the electrical wiring installation and the earth and some other conducting body

Grounded
Describes the act of being connected to
the earth or some other conduction body that serves in place of the earth

Bonding
Process in which all NON-CURRENT
CARRYING METALLIC parts of the electrical wiring system are permanently joined together to form a CONTINUOUS grounding path

Bonding
Reduces the differences in potential
between each electrical system May be caused by power surges, lightning strikes or other types of ground fault type occurences

Parts of the Electrical System

Circuits Service Entrance Panel Metal Water Pipe Metal Gas pipe

Materials in Grounding System

Must be approved by NEC

The Grounding Electrode System

All materials must be grounded using
approved bonding and grounding electrode systems Check with local building code

Metallic Pipe
Water pipe must always be bonded to the
service entrance panel, grounding electrode conductor, or grounding electrode Other metal pipe, such as gas pipe, which may become energized accidentally must be bonded to the electrical system grounded system

Use of Bonding Jumper

To provide CONTINUOUS grounding path
around devices such as water meters installed in metallic water pipe system

Types of Grounding Electrodes

Metal Underground Water Pipe

Must be bonded to the supplemental
grounding system electrode and to the neutral bus bar in the SEP Connection must be made within 5 feet of entering structure Water pipe must be in direct contact with the earth for at least 10 feet

Concrete Encased Electrode

Electrode encased in foundation footing
covered with at least 2 inches of concrete Electrodes must be at least 20 feet in length and consist of one or more steel reinforcement bars

Ground Ring
Bare Copper At Least #2 AWG or larger Encircling residence for a length of 20 feet Buried at least 2

Metal Framework

Supplemental Electrodes
Typically made of metal rods, pipes, or
plates

Rod and Pipe Electrodes

Iron or steel rod electrodes Must be 5/8 in diameter Pipe must be in diameter Galvanized or metal coated for corrosion

resistance 8 feet in length Installed to a depth of 8 in direct contact with earth

 Nonferrous rods must be listed at no less

than Stainless Steel- diamter Must be at or below ground level Must be protected from physical damage

Exceptions
If electrode can not be driven more than
4 into the earth b/c of rock or other obstruction May be driven at an oblique and of no more than 45 from vertical At least 8 of the electrode must be in contact with earth

Multiple grounding rods

When more than one electrode grounding
rod is used:
Must be installed not less than 6 feet apart Must be bonded together with an approved bonding jumper to form single grounding electrode system

Plate Electrode
May be used in areas where it is not
possible to use a grounding rod or ring Steel/Iron Plate electrode must be thick Non-ferrous metal plate must be 0.06 thick 2 feet square Buried at least 2 1/2

Grounding Electrode Conductor

NEC permits
Copper Aluminium Copper-clad AL and AL-CU may not be used in contact with masonry, corrosive, or in direct contact with the earth