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results
of
work
sampling and
are
effective
for
determining
machine
personnel
utilization,
allowances applicable to the job and production standards. Although, the same information can be obtained by time study procedures, work sampling frequently provides the same information faster and at considerably less cost. (Niebels, 2007)
Stated by Niebel (2007) The accuracy of data determined by work sampling depends on the
If
must also determine the reason for idleness and mark this on the form (Niebel,2007)
The control chart techniques used in statistical quality control work can readily be applied to work sampling studies to identify problem areas and be used to show the progressive improvement of work areas. (Niebel,2007) The control chart, according to Deming (1988) is a means
Natural
requires
improvement.
Unnatural
requires corrective action by people close to the process such as operators, clerks and any other workers
Assignable
predictable.
(Niebel,2007)
The control chart, according to Deming (1988) is a
Labor intensive
Frequently focused on unique individual attributes or desire Often an intellectual task performed by professionals
The proponents made a preliminary work sampling of 30 observations in which the result of idle percentage was used for another work sampling activity. The new number of observations was obtained through the used of nomogram. The proponents also made thorough research in constructing a work sampling form and the process of work sampling method.
Quantitative approach is being used in gathering and analyzing the data. Only one person is being considered as the subject of the study. The control chart was constructed as to the details of per random times and per day performance. In which, the out-of-control conditions gathered were the bases for generating recommendations for
improvement.
3. What are the possible recommendations that will improve the productive occurrence of the worker?
Carmen Sy
Owner
Marfe Ancit
Cashier/ all-around 200 per day wage
12,000php 15,000php
Estimated sales per day on regular basis
Information Total Time Expended by Operator (Working time and Idle time) Working time in percent
282 min
58%
Standard time
(Total
=
Allowance
(
x
100
3600
(100 15)
Control limits
p = p +3 p(1-p) / n
Date of Study
% of Day Idle
March 8 March 9
47 47
17 22
March 12
March 13 March 14 March 15
47
47 47 47
24
16 20 16
0.51 = 51%
. 0.34 = 34% 0.43 = 43% 0.34 = 34%
0.64
0.52 0.42
percent occurence
0.32
0.20
8-Mar
Obs. No
%non-prod.
Obs. No.
%non-prod.
Obs.
%non-prod.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
17% 17% 17% 17% 17% 17% 17% 50% 83% 67% 67% 50% 67% 50% 50%
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
33% 17% 0% 17% 50% 50% 67% 33% 67% 50% 17% 33% 50% 100% 67%
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
33% 17% 33% 33% 33% 50% 33% 100% 83% 50% 17% 67% 33% 33% 33%
UCL
CL p
LCL
1.04 1.02 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.72 0.70 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.60 0.58 0.56 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00
Percetage occurence
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
Observation Nos.
Productive Occurrence
50 45
40
35 30 25 20 15 Occurrence
10
5 0
Non-Productive Occurrence
45
40 35 30 25 20 15
10
5 0
Occurrence
Working time and Idle time almost got a closer result with 58% and 42% respectively. Based from the types of out-of-control condition:
Trend
or
steady
change
in
level
--workers
inattention
Recurring Cycle idleness take most between 8 am 10:30 am and 3pm downwards. Working time takes most when its mid-afternoon or the students are taking their lunch. Seasonal effects or peak hours cannot be avoided and so, this affect the condition of the workers performance. Two populations there is a large differences in the test
method or the random times being used. There are times when
the observation took place (1 min.) after the previous observation, and the next observation will be done after 5 minutes or more. This affects the condition in such a way that the result becomes bias.
Mistakes this can be very embarrassing but there could be a mistake in recording the data. In a case, where the analyst have to assign other students to take records of the data, yet that student doesnt have a background of work sampling and is careless with the random times, or anticipate the recording of data. The points outside the control limits showed that there were chance causes present, such as going home for an emergency and the peak hour of students for taking a dinner or meal.
Natural Variation the management has to facilitate the performance of the worker when it comes to being late
Assignable cause although the plotted points where located inside the control limits there are still unnatural
worker.
The behavior of the worker could also affect the data recorded especially when the observations are made too obvious of the worker and there is a shifting of performance.
Work sampling tends to average and generalize the results. The variations of the results then will only lead to an inappropriate analyzation of the problems.
The control chart helps determine the percentage occurrence of the nonproductive work per random times given. However, when it is measured
per day, there has to be a sample size per random times or subgroup.
That resulted to a generalization of the work for a single subject only, not applicable for other workers present in the workplace.
The following recommendations are to be implemented: set up the determined standard time Produce a new product or menu to improve marketing service Facilitate the performance and behavior of the worker when it comes to being late Increase the wage payment from 200 php to 305php in accordance to the labor code, to satisfy the workers performance and job security.
Groover, M. (2007).Work Systems and the Methods, Measurement, and Management of Work. Pearson Education, Inc. New Jersey Denton, K. (1982). Safety Management, Improving Performance. Mc-Graw Hill Book Company. New York Deming, E. (1988). Quality Control Handbook. Mc-Graw Hill Book Company. New York Freivalds, A. and Niebel, B. (2009). Niebels Methods, Standards, and Work Design. New York: Mc-Graw Hill Companies, Inc.
THE END