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By : MARIA ABRAHAM(19093252)
Introduction
1
IONTOPHORESIS: Effective and painless method to deliver medication by electric current.
Described by Pivati in 1747. Galvani and Volta: a) electricity can move different metal ions b) movements of ions produce electricity
Clinical practice.
Recently its used in combination with laser Doppler technology
Principle of Iontophoresis
External energy source used to increase rate of penetration of drugs through membrane. When a negatively charged drug is to be delivered across an epithelial barrier which is placed under the negatively charged delivery electrode (cathode) from which it is repelled, to be attracted to the positive electrode placed elsewhere on the body.
Circuit Diagram
Before Iontophoresis, carefully clean the skin area to be used with deionised water or preferably 70% alcohol.
IONTOPHORESIS DEVICES
Transdermal Iontophoresis
Facilitated transport of drug molecules through skin under the influence of an external field.
Quantity of direct or pulsed current determined by surface area by the time of exposure. multiplying the
This current is then passed between the two electrodes. Charged drug molecule repelled from active electrode into the skin and then into the systemic circulation.
Merits
It avoids the risks of infection and skin damage.
It can deliver a greater concentration of medication to a local area than oral medications. Non-Invasive
Easier
Demerits
Minor reactions such as itching, general irritation of iontophoretic skin surface. Increased risk of minor reactions if the exposure time or current are increased. Some drugs induce long-lasting skin pigmentation after iontophoretic application.
Applications
For treating hyperhydrosis. Acne scars. Chickenpox scars. Pigmentation problems. Stretchmarks. Used in Glucowatch. Anti-inflammatory medications. Deliver insulin. Iontophoresis in neurons.
Blood test
Iontophoresis for musculo-skeletal inflammation. Iontophoresis of fentanyl for the treatment of pain. Drug penetration into eye.
Safety rules
Be sure that the patients skin sensation is normal. Do not apply the current over denuded areas. See that the metal plate of the electrode is evenly covered by the padding. See that the covering pad is evenly soaked with tap water or saline solution. Apply electrodes in good contact, with even pressure.
Stigmergy
Conclusion
Iontophoresis of fentanyl for cancer pain.
Iontophoresis does not require the placement and maintenance of intravenous access, which is associated with significant side effects. Holds a lot of promise for the future of drug delivery.
References
www.sweathelp.org www.intota.com American Journal Of Physical Medicine www.seminarsonly.com www.stdpharm.co.uk
THANK YOU
Any queries?