Introduction to HCCI Engine

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HISTORY OF IC ENGINES
1600-1860
1824: French physicist Sadi Carnot established the thermodynamic theory of idealized heat engines. 1838: William Barnett proposed first recorded suggestion of in-cylinder compression.

1854-57: Eugenio Barsanti & Felice Matteucci invented an engine that was rumored to be the first 4-cycle engine

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1860-1910
1876: Nikolaus Otto, working with Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach, improved the fourcycle engine.after this in-cylinder compression became universal. 1878 Dugald Clerk designed the first two-stroke engine. He patented it in England in 1881. 1882: James Atkinson invented the Atkinson cycle which was more efficient than the Otto cycle. 1892: Dr. Rudolf Diesel developed his Carnot heat engine type motor and received a patent for his compression ignition diesel engine in 1893.P
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1910 TO PRESENT
1925: The Hesselman engine is introduced by Jonas Hesselman represented the first use of direct gasoline injection on a spark-ignition engine

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SI ENGINES TWO STROKE SI ENGINE

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FOUR STROKE SI

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CI ENGINE

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HCCI ENGINE
INTRODUCTION
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine is promising as an ultimate high efficiency engine The HCCI engine is the result of more than 35 years of research and development work on the combustion engine In HCCI, the air-fuel mixture is ignited automatically in the compression stroke without spark plugs
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 HCCI is extremely lean combustion at the high compression ratio without knocking. The HCCI engines have a potential to achieve high thermal efficiency and low NOx emissions. Cold-started as an SI engine, then switched to HCCI mode for idle and low- to mid-load operation, For high-load operation, the engine would again be switched to SI or CIDI operation.

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PRINCIPLE
The HCCI principle allows you to use the highest compression ratio which, combined with a rapid combustion rate gives you the highest possible efficiency and the lowest possible fuel consumption.
HCCI engines operate on the principle of having a dilute, premixed charge that reacts and burns volumetrically throughout the cylinder as it is compressed by the piston. Unlike conventional engines, the combustion occurs simultaneously throughout the volume rather than in a flame front
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WORKING
As in an SI engine, the charge is well mixed, which minimizes particulate emissions, and as in a CI engine the charge is compression ignited. The auto ignition temperature after can be controlled several ways: High compression ratio Preheating of induction gases Forced induction Retaining or reintroducing exhaust gases

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ADVANTAGES
Can achieve up to 15% fuel savings Lower peak temperature leads to cleaner combustion/lower emissions Can use gasoline, diesel, or most alternative fuels (i.e) Fuel flexible Dilute homogeneous air and fuel mixture in addition to low combustion temperatures. Combustion is induced throughout the charge volume by compression heating at 800-1100K rather than 1900-2100K in CI engine
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 The combustion duration in HCCI engines is much shorter than in CIDI engines.

HCCI engines may be lower cost than CIDI engines since they would likely use lower pressure fuel-injection equipment.

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DISADVANTAGES
Controlling Ignition Timing over a Range of Speeds and Loads Extending the Operating Range to High Loads Cold-Start Capability Hydrocarbon and Carbon Monoxide Emissions

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