Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
DES Basics
Block cipher (64-bit block) Uses 56-bit key (out of 64 bits) 16 rounds 48-bit subkeys Feistel structure (except initial and final permutations)
DES
DES
DES
10
S-BOX Substitution
S-BOX table
12
13
Security of DES
This secret key is 56 bits Trying out all 72,057,594,037,927,936 possible keys (a seven with 16 zeros) would be impossible because computers could not possibly ever become fast enough. In 1998 the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) built a special-purpose machine that could decrypt a message by trying out all possible keys in less than three days. The machine cost less than $250,000 and searched over 88 billion keys per second.
14
15
DES variant
DESL was first presented at the workshop on RFID security (RFIDSec) in 2006. DESL was designed by the Communication Security Group at the Ruhr University Bochum.
Key: 56 bit Application: RFID tags (resource constrained devices in general)
17
Modes of Operation
Modes of Operation
Block ciphers encrypt fixed size blocks
eg. DES encrypts 64-bit blocks, with 56-bit key
need way to use in practise, given usually have arbitrary amount of information to encrypt Four were defined for DES in ANSI standard ANSI X3.106-1983 Modes of Use subsequently now have 5 for DES and AES have block and stream modes
19
20
21
Limitations of ECB
repetitions in message may show in ciphertext
main use is sending a few blocks of data, for example, an encryption key
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Skipjack
is a recent algorithm that was developed in 1987 and put into service in 1993. encrypts and decrypts data in 64-bit blocks using an 80-bit key Skipjack has 32 rounds, meaning the main algorithm is repeated 32 times to produce the ciphertext.
33
Rule A and B
34
35
36
Blowfish
has a 64-bit block size and a variable key length from 0 up to 448 bits 16-round Feistel cipher
37
Structure of Blowfish
38
demo blowfish
http://www.php-einfach.de/blowfish_en.php
demo AES
http://www.cs.bc.edu/~straubin/cs38105/blockciphers/rijndael_ingles2004.swf
39