Quick Study

What if the directionupward seepage force is equal in happens if the of the seepage force was vertically up? magnitude to the effective weight of the soil? Instead of being as shown = 90 the force vector diagram would look something like this: before:
Instead of being as shown = 90 the force vector diagram would look something like this: before:

Resultant Body Force or =Effective Stress, 90 Seepage this: So instead of Craigs vector diagram looking like Force i wV :

This is known as a QUICK condition. The effective stress drops to 0 and the soil In old English, quick means alive. cannot support anything that wont float on The soil looks like its boiling and appears to be water! alive.

Its alive!

Effective Weight b2 :

ITS ALIVE!!

If a quick condition develops, the resultant Where would you expect = see seepage to V body force = 0 and i wV vertically upwards? Near the downstream The hydraulicforces to the seepage gradient that produces a soil right of the sheet the surface the quick condition is called the seepage vectors are pile wall (downstream critical hydraulic almost completely side) will all have vertical (no: horizontal upward vertical gradient, ic component) components Gs 1 '

Quick Study

ic =

1e +

check out eqn. 1.21 on pg 20 in Craig

Quick Study
d 2

This mass of have shown Model studiesembedment of a The depth has a volume of: that the soil mass extending sheet pile wall extends from over this depth, surface to downstream soil d and half this distance from the piling the bottom of the sheet is most piling. prone to the quick condition. It is designated, d as shown.

d 1 1 V = d 1 1d = 1

Quick Study
h = 0 s

d 2

hm

A surface DC, the hydraulic Hence, thea Safety of Safety AtFactor ofaverage average For sands, factor against heaving boiling at the surface gradient is estimated from DC head, hm(quick condition) the against for seepage at can be expressed using the adjacent to the sheet piling to AB is: of line DC from theis midpoint exit hydraulic gradient, ie expressed as the average flow net. hm gradient, i critical hydraulic over the last = c im element (AEFG): At surface AB the excess d divided by this average total head has been gradient, im: dissipated (h = 0).

h ie = s

ic ic Fboil == heave ie im

Quick Study
d 1

d
1 1 sat

The elevation head at DC is Consider the equilibrium of d if forces acting on the soil the the downstream free water surface is at ABweight mass ABCD with unit sat. zm = - d
d
1

The average poreof ABCD is The total weight water pressure Volumeis: (hm+d) w sat x the on CD of ABCD

The boundary water force on CD is the area of the PWP distribution on CD: 1 1d(hm + d) w d(hm+d) w

Quick Study
d 1

To find the Resultant Body Force of ABCD: 1

if '= sat - w , then sat = '+ w

2 1 1 1 1 satd1 = 1('+ w )d1 = 1' d1 + 1wd1 1

1 1

d(hm + d) w =
1 1 1

1 1 m w
1

h d+ d
1 1 w
1 1 m w

1
1

' = ' d + d h d d
1 1 w 1 1 w

1 ' = ' d 1hm wd 1 1 1

or

Quick Study
d 1

d
1 1

The average hydraulic Now, consider the equilibrium gradient for seepage from of the forces acting on the DC to AB is: ABCD with hm soil skeleton im = bouyant unit weight . d
' d
1

1 Jm = 1hm w d

The seepage force on of effective weight ABCD is: ABCD is x the Volume of 1 hm d 1 Jm w = 1hm w d ABCD =

The resultant body force of ABCD is:

1 ' = ' d 1hm wd Look familiar? 1 1 1

So, if = 0 as with a quick condition, then

1 0 = ' d 2 hm wd 1 2 2 1 2 1 ' d = 2 hm wd 2

Quick Study

A Factor of Safety against heaving (quick condition) can then be expressed.

' The stabilizing force safety is the ratio of Generally, a 1factor ofis the effective weight 2 stabilizing mass. overdestabilizingi forces of theF = forces The seepageforcecis the soil 2 'd = 'd = w = 1 force. destabilizingh d h hm im m w 2 m w d

Quick Study
dfilt

filt

Well, you couldof safety the If the factor increase is unit weight of the effective weight offiltnervous, filter material is and it making the engineerthe soil is adjacent to depth of dpilethen you could a the sheet filt, the placed to always redesign wall by adding a filter the is structure and repeat the extra effective weight material x d and the new process... w = filt (high density). filt factor of safety would be: Not an option?

'd + w' F= 1 1hm w d

1 1 1