Chapter 01

Carlos Cordeiro Philips Research North America Briarcliff Manor, NY Dharma P.
Agrawal OBR Research Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing University of Cincinnati, OH
Copyright 2006, Dr. Carlos Cordeiro and Prof. Dharma P. Agrawal, All rights reserved.
Table of Contents
Chapters:
1. Introduction 2. Routing in Ad hoc Networks 3. Broadcasting, Multicasting and Geocasting 4. Wireless LANs 5. Wireless PANs 6. Directional Antenna Systems 7. TCP over Ad Hoc Networks 8. Wireless Sensor Networks 9. Data Retrieval in Sensor Networks 10. Security 11. Integrating MANETs, WLANs and Cellular Networks
Chapter 1: Introduction

Introduction The Communication Puzzle Applications of MANETs Challenges

Scalability Quality of Service Client-Server Model Shift Security Interoperation with the Internet Energy Conservation Node (MH) Cooperation Interoperation
Book Organization Conclusions and Future Directions Homework Questions/Simulation Projects References
4
A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)

MH2 MH2 MH4 MH3 MH5
Asymmetric link
MH7
Symmetric link
MH1
MH6
Characteristics of a MANET

An autonomous system of nodes (Mobile Hosts: MHs) connected by wireless links Same channel used by all nodes Lack of fixed infrastructure Absence of centralized authority Peer-to-peer connectivity Multi-hop forwarding to ensure network connectivity Topology may change dynamically Random Multi-hop Graph Energy-constrained Bandwidth-constrained, variable capacity links
6
Important characteristics of a MANET

Characteristic Dynamic Topologies Energyconstrained Operation Limited Bandwidth Description Nodes are free to move arbitrarily with different speeds; thus, the network topology may change randomly and at unpredictable times. Some or all of the nodes in an ad hoc network may rely on batteries or other exhaustible means for their energy. For these nodes, the most important system design optimization criteria may be energy conservation. Wireless links continue to have significantly lower capacity than infrastructured networks. In addition, the realized throughput of wireless communications after accounting for the effects of multiple access, fading, noise, and interference conditions, etc., is often much less than a radios maximum transmission rate. Mobile wireless networks are generally more prone to physical security threats than fixed-cable nets. The increased possibility of eavesdropping, spoofing, and minimization of denial-of-service type attacks should be carefully considered.
Security Threats
The envisioned communication puzzle of 4G and beyond
The scope of various wireless technologies
Applications of MANETs
Collaborative Work
Crisis-management Applications

Collaborative computing might be important outside office environments Natural disasters with entire communications infrastructure in disarray Restoring communications quickly is essential Infrastructure could be set up in hours instead of days/weeks Short-range, localized network of nodes associated with a person Nodes could be attached to someones cell phone, pulse watch, belt, etc. Bluetooth is an example Eliminates need of wires between devices such as printers, cell phones, PDAs, laptop computers, headsets, etc. IEEE 802.15 standard working group
Personal Area Networking

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Future Challenges in Ad hoc and Sensor Networks
Scalability
Quality of service
Short-range Throughput per node decreases at a rate 1/ N, where N is the number of nodes This cannot be fixed except by physical layer improvements, such as directional antennas Need to provide best-effort service only for Voice, live video and file transfer
Client server model shift
Security

There is no server, but demand for basic services still exists. Address allocation, name resolution, authentication and service location are just examples of very basic services which are needed Lack of any centralized network management or certification authority Networks are particularly prone to malicious behavior
Interoperation with the Internet
Energy conservation
Networks require some Internet connection Interface between the two are very different Lifetime of a single battery and the whole network. Why anyone should relay other peoples data What happens when two autonomous ad hoc networks move into same area
Node cooperation
Interoperation
11
Book outline

Chapter 2: Unicast routing over ad hoc networks Chapter 3: Multicasting, Broadcasting and geocasting in
ad hoc networks
Chapters 4 and 5: Most widely used MAC and physical
layers for ad hoc networks Chapter 6: Use of directional antenna for increasing capacity, connectivity, and covertness of ad hoc networks Chapter 7: The issue of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) over ad hoc networks Chapter 8: Introduction to sensor networks Chapter 9: Data retrieval in sensor networks Chapter 10: Security in ad hoc networks Chapter 11: Integration of heterogeneous wireless technologies in the context of ad hoc and sensor networks
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Book Organization
Application All chapters
Transport
Chapters 7, 9 and 11 Chapters 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 11 Chapters 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 11 Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 11
Network
LLC
Data MAC Link
Physical
13

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Carlos Cordeiro Philips Research North America Briarcliff Manor, NY Dharma P.

Introduction The Communication Puzzle Applications of MANETs Challenges

A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)

Important characteristics of a MANET

The envisioned communication puzzle of 4G and beyond

The scope of various wireless technologies

Personal Area Networking

Future Challenges in Ad hoc and Sensor Networks

Client server model shift

Interoperation with the Internet

Chapters 4 and 5: Most widely used MAC and physical

Chapters 7, 9 and 11 Chapters 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 11 Chapters 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 11 Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 11

Data MAC Link

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