Elements of a Science Lesson (Cain & Evans, 1990)

1. Introduction to the day and an update on what was done previously. 2. Attention getting and motivation attempt to engage students in the lesson. 3. Data gathering techniques typically involve actual hands-on activities. 4. Data processing techniques students try to make sense of the data they have
collected or the activity they have performed.

5. Closure is important to ensure that students understand what they have been doing.

Integration with other Curricular Areas

Computer Application

1. Simulations. Can be substitute for certain dangerous

situations

2. Probeware. Can be used as laboratory tools. 3. Tutorials.

Field Trips

Appropriate use of this type of learning activity can enrich the world knowledge of many students with limited experiential background.

Dos for Teaching Science

1. Be flexible in terms of curriculum and instructional technique. 2. Have fun teaching science 3. Build on students questions and interests. 4. Model scientific interest. 5. Strive to show students common conceptual ideas that apply across different scientific topics. 6. Encourage socially responsible science

Cooperative Learning

Have been found out to be useful for increasing achievement, student involvement and motivation.

Mnemonic Strategies

The pairing of unfamiliar words and associating the keyword with the definition (Mastropieri and Scruggs, 1995)

Conceptual Models

Less materials should be covered and that conceptual models should be taught to students.(Woodward and Noell, 1992)

Science Activities

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Teaching Social Studies To Special Learners

 Social Studies is the integrated study of the social sciences and humanities to promote civic competence. Within the school program, social studies provides coordinated, systematic study drawing upon such disciplines as anthropology, archaeology,,..religion, and sociology, as well as appropriate content from the humanities, mathematics, and natural sciences. The primary purpose of social studies is to help young people developed the ability to make informed and reasoned decisions for the public good as citizens of a culturally diverse, democratic society in an interdependent world. (NCSS, 1992)

Curriculum Standards (NCSS, 1994)

The ten thematic strands include:

1. culture 2. time, continuity, and change 3. people, place, and environment 4. individual development and identity 5. individuals, groups, and institutions 6. power, authority, and governance 7. production, distribution, and consumption 8. science, technology, and society 9. global connections 10. civic ideals and practices

 Social studies is a subject area that contains many complex topics, issues, and concepts. The subject also favors students with rich experiential backgrounds, who find many topics more meaningful.

You can't really teach a kid anything: you can only show him the way and motivate him to learn it himself.