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Riemann sums
Area f(xi)x
Sum of cubes
Sum of cubes
Even fourth powers!*
*D. Varberg and E. Purcell. Calculus with Analytic Geometry. Sixth Ed.
Why is
Why is
Gauss Legend
1 + 2 + 3 + + 49 + 50 + 51 + 52 + + 98 + 99 + 100
Why is
Gauss Legend
1 + 2 + 3 + + 49 + 50 + 51 + 52 + + 98 + 99 + 100
Why is
Gauss Legend
1 + 2 + 3 + + 49 + 50 + 51 + 52 + + 98 + 99 + 100
Induction Proof of
Base case: Let n=1. Then
Induction step: Assume the formula is holds for n and show that it works for n+1.
Regroup all like odds together and add these first. These two different ways of summing the squares give an equality which can be solved for the desired sum.
Looking to geometry
Looking to geometry
A sum of squares
Source: David Bressoud, Calculus Before Newton and Leibniz: Part II,
http://www.macalester.edu/~bressoud/pub/CBN2.pdf
http://nrich.maths.org/public/viewer.php?obj_id=2497
Underlying pyramid has volume n3/3 Add in the half-cubes (triangular prisms) above the slice Subtract off volumes of n little pyramids added twice
This is the same construction that Martin Gardner described using skyscrapers!
This is the same construction that Martin Gardner described using skyscrapers! Flesh out the skyscaper with a sequence of squares on each side to make a rectangle.
Each sequence of squares has area !
By the way
The sum of integers formula can be proved with a similar geometric construction.
(D. Bressoud -- http://www.macalester.edu/~bressoud/pub/CBN2.pdf)
6 identical sum of first n squares pyramids Fit them together to form a rectangular prism It has dimensions n, n+1, and 2n+1 Thus
Its fairly easy to see that this works for n+1 if it works for n.
6 identical sum of first n squares pyramids Fit them together to form a rectangular prism It has dimensions n, n+1, and 2n+1 Thus
Its fairly easy to see that this works for n+1 if it works for n. (Induction?!)
Sum of cubes
How many rectangles are there on a chessboard?
Sum of cubes
But the number of rectangles is also !
Perhaps choosing three total horizontal and vertical lines determines four squares. This approach doesnt seem to work.