SIR J.

C BOSE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

SOMNATH KHAMARU SOURISH BARMAN B.TECH ECE 3RD YEAR STUDENT,SKFGI

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EXORDIUM COUNTER CIRCUIT

TIMER CIRCUIT
SWITCHING MECHANISM WORKING PROCEDURE(PART -1,II,III,IV,V)

FUTURE RESEARCH
APPLICATIONS INFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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Energy conservation is a buzz word of this century. To make our paces with this flow we have designed a device which does time management of appliances, and prevents energy wastage.

This device helps to reduce work force in the industries, set. as it monitors the appliances automatically. This device can work 24X7 once

This device is battery controlled so it can even

work on power failure situation. Operating this

device is easy, just set it once according to your need and you dont need to bother again, it will serve you satisfactorily.
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COUNTER

TIMERCIRCUIT

CLOCK

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The clock is the heart of the timer. The special variable frequency clock made from an astable 555 timer. It gives clock pulse within a

range of 1 sec to 1 hour using a variable

resistor. This feature of the clock adds flexibility to device.

This clock is feed to the counter section and the counter section is synchronized with the clock.

The clock has special features so it gets off

when the timers work ends i.e. the when the

counting period ends. And again you have to reset it according to your need.
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It is one of the main components of the circuit. Here we are using a counter (up/down) which is fed with a clock of various time periods and so the

counter acts as a timer of various time duration.

The timer consist of CD4510 up down counter IC and CD4511 is used to decode the counters output and lit the display section .

The timer is parallel loaded with the desired total time duration that the user requires to control all the appliances .

When the counting of the counter section starts the

control section gets input and it works according to the instruction hardwired to it.
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The control section is a combination of decoder and gates which senses the change of
time in the timer and switches different appliances network sections and keeps then on for the duration hardwired previously.

It enables the user to use different appliances at different time sets. This feature adds flexibity to the device.

The control section has 74HC42 IC and 7432, 7404 IC. The 74HC42 IC takes the BCD output of the CD4510 IC as the input and with change in the input it switches 10

different pins, one at a time.

This ten pins act as ten modes of the control section and this pins are active for time = (10* time period of the clock).This pins are fed to IC 7432(OR gate) through IC 7404(NOT gate) .i.e. the signals are complemented and fed to or gate. The different combination of the OR gates keeps the different appliances active for different time.

The control circuit also has special feature that when the count comes to end then the last appliance to be controlled gets off ,similarly the clocks also gets off .
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The switching circuit takes input from the control unit and switches different time sets and(both ac and dc), can be used to switch number of appliances at a time.

The switching circuit can also act as a sensor input and alarm input. DC relays are the main functional parts of this section.

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The timer controlled appliance network has some unique

working procedure. It can work on many modes under various time duration even from 1 sec to 99 hrs.

Let us take one case where we would set the appliance network in such a way that duration of the work of the device

is say 90 mins.

This

case study would help you to understand the basic

working principle of the device in details.

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(Sec B) for 1st 30 mins

The Appliances
(SecE)for 4th 10 mins

(Sec-A) 90 mins duration

(Sec C) for 2nd 20 mins

are in 5 sections A,B,C,D,E

(Sec D) for 3rd 20 mins

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According to this mode the key note able parameters are 90 mins duration, 5 sections of appliances ,duration of keeping on each appliances.

Let start the system and set the clock for 1 min pulse duration and parallel loading 90 on the counter so that the clock pulse taking 90 mins to reset the counter again. Parallel loading is done through

the keypad fitted to the device.

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The system uses two CD4510 IC to down count those 90 mins. So the

BCD of 90 is ,1st IC 1001(9) and 2nd IC 0000(0).

Now the counters decrement to 80,takes 10 mins so this change in BCD can be used as pulses to switch the control circuit. The control section

has a 7442 decoder IC. The output of 1st IC 4510 acts as a input to the
IC 7442.

For each change in binary bits e.g. 1001, 9th pin active, 1000 8th pin

active. These output pins are active low.

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Now for A section. The appliance is on for 90 mins, so as the BCD count is 1001 so 9th pin is active, and the count takes 90 mins to

reach 0000 stage.

The A section appliances are connected to the 0th no pin of the IC .the output pins of IC 7442 are active low . So as A section is connected to 0th no pin hence this gets a active low signal when count reaches 0000 .

So the appliance is on for 90 mins and when the count reaches

0000, the active low pulse switches the relay and system gets off.
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For B section the appliance is on for 1st 30 min .So the input change of IC

7442 should be considered for the 3 BCD no 1001,1000,0111.

For section B. The 3 outputs pin 9th , 8th , 7th of IC7442 are active one at a time serially after 10min interval , so are individually complemented

through NOT gate and then are put together in a three input OR gate.

With change in counter from 1001 to 1000 to 0111 at least one of the 3 pins are active at one time so the OR gates output is active for the whole 30 mins, and the appliance connected to the OR gate is on for 30 mins.

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For C section the appliance is on for 2nd 20 min .So the input change of IC 7442 should be considered for the 2 BCD no 0110,0101.

For section C the 2 outputs pins 6th , 5th of IC7442 are active one at a time serially after 10min interval , so are individually complemented through NOT gate and then are put together in a two input OR gate.

With change in counter from 0110 to 0101 at least one of the 2pins are active at one time so the OR gates output is active for the whole 20

mins, and the appliance connected to the OR gate is on for 20 mins.

D & E section also work on the same principle as stated above.

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This device can also be made by using micro controller and more intelligence can be added to this device so that appliances could be controlled

both

at

very

long

and

very

short

interval

simultaneously. We hope that in our near future we would successfully implement all this features.

Compact Fluorescent Light with Timer(CFTL)

light will be controlled by a clock i.e. if a user will set a particular time period for example from 6 p.m. to 11p.m. then at every evening at 6 p.m. the light will automatically switch on and at 11p.m, it will automatically be off. Here we are setting our time according to our choice.
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The device finds its use in various sectors like office, cinema halls, malls, hotels where many lights, fans, electrical appliances are

used.

It can be used in streets for traffic light control at fixed intervals. It can be fitted to a sensor circuit to make sensor controlled appliances.

Many factories can use this device where automotive machines are

fitted and are needed to be controlled one after the other.

This devices can be used in fields where controlling of different machines are needed after different time intervals.
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Through this paper we have tried our best to give you all an idea how to use the device (TCAN) and thus prevent misuse of power. If this device is used in all sectors then we would need to think of a day where we have forgotten to switch off

the lights and fans of our organization and they are on to

consume power, money and destroy precious electrical energy, because TCAN is there to take care of all of this. TCAN will be the time management guru of the near future.

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www.alldatasheets.com

www.relaycircuits.com
Counter pulse decoded circuit in Google Books referred - Linear circuits by R.P Jain for astable multivibrator

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We are only thankful to our almighty GOD because she has gifted us our beloved teachers, our beloved parents and the competitive world behind us( which instigate us to think positive).

No one walks alone on the journey of life. just where do we start

to thank god that joined us, walked beside us, and helped us along
the way continuously urged us to do this project.

God, thank you , for this opportunity, we will make the best of it.

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