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It is a circuit which allows to change the direction of rotation without changing the polarities of batteries.
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 Most Widely Used

DPDT Switches:Used in manual bots ICs like L293Detc.:Used in Autonomous and SemiAutonomous Bots

DPDT->Double Pole Double

Throw

Two Switches in one It works by changing the

polarity of wires,which leads to change of direction of rotation.
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The DPDT switch does all this internally so all you do is flip the switch up or down to change the direction of the motor. Also included in these switches is a center on/off position where no power goes to the motor

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Known as Motor Driver. L293D is a digital H-Bridge IC which is used to change the direction of rotation of motor in autonomous and semi autonomous bots.

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There are two sets of H-Bridges The PIN 8 must be connected with 5V and PIN
16 must be connected with 12V or voltage required across the motor upto the maximum limit of IC 5V to PWM A & PWM B or else it will be connected but will not give any output irrespective of the input.

Both of the sets must be enabled by supplying

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In this the output at the ends of the motor corresponds to the input at the respective ends.
For,example if we give 5V at 1A and 0 at 2A,motor will rotate in one direction let say anticlockwise,if now we reverse the situation 5V at 2A and 0V at 1A,the motor will now rotate clockwise,if we give 5V or 0V at both ends motor will not rotate.

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Input at 1A (V) 5 0 5

Input at 2A (V) 0 0 5

Input at 1B (V) 5 5 0

Input at 2B(V) 0 0 5

Motor A

Motor B

Bot

Clockwise Stop Stop

Clockwise Clockwise Anticlockwi se

Forward Left Reverse intended to face right

5
0 0

0
5 5

5
0 0

5
0 5

Clockwise

Stop

Right
Reverse intended to face left Back

Anticlockwi Stop se Anticlockwi Anticlockwi se se

Stop

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Stop

Stop