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Master Gardener Training February 16, 2010 Linn and Benton Co., OR
Laurel Moulton
--Graduate Student --
Christian Grantham
Basic anatomy
Head:
Sensory Intake Communication
Thorax:
Wing
Abdomen:
Digestion Respiration Reproduction
Whats inside?
Sensory: Visual
Geoff Woodard
Ocelli
light vs. dark
Compound eyes
Mosaic Movement UV detection
Bjorn Roslett
Chemosensory: Antennae
Smell Pheromones
Chemosensory: Antennae
filiform pectinate
aristate
clavate
setacious
serate
flabellate
Sensory: Other
Legs/tarsi
Vibration Taste
Ovipositor
Suitable habitat Egg laying preference
Stanislav Georb
Piercing-sucking
Mouthparts
Structure = Function
Variable Modified
chewing sponging
siphoning
D.G. MacKean
From: A. Imms
Zweibel laboratory
Insect Metamorphosis
SIMPLE
nymph adult same habitat same resources adult
winged reproductive
COMPLETE
egg larva pupa - adult different habitats often different diet advantages ? parasitism adults may not feed
Invasive.org
Whats in a name? - Taxonomy Organizational language Family Genus species Classification Latin roots: -ptera,hemi-,holo- Directional
dorsal, ventral anterior, posterior basal, apical
Herbivory
Plant experiences:
Tissue loss Seed reduction Reduced vitality/vigor Pathogens
Insect receives:
Nutrition Growth Habitat
Oligophagous
More broad Related genera 1: a few
Polyphagous
a.k.a Generalists Unrelated families 1: whatevers in the fridge
Defoliation
Chewing Lepidoptera, Coleoptera Symptoms
Holes Skeletonizing Defoliation
Peter McEvoy
Ragwort fleabeetle
Peter McEvoy
Peter McEvoy
Cinnabar moth
Plant Mining
Chewing Larvae of
Diptera Lepidoptera
USDA-APHIS
Symptoms
Trails, tunnels Frass Secondary infections
Univ. of Hawaii
Sap Suckers
Piercing-Sucking Most life stages:
Homoptera Heteroptera
APSnet.org
D G Mackean
Symptoms
discoloration reduced vigor wilting, curling spittle
Disease transmission
Gall Formation
Piercing-sucking Plant response
salivary fluids egg laying not generally harmful
Univ. Of Wisc.onsin
Oregon BLM
Coleoptera
sheath-wings Beetle
Cucumber beetle
Mark Gray
Heteroptera
different-winged TRUE BUGS Piercing-Sucking mouthparts Simple metamorphosis
Scutellum
Pest Alert:
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
Peter Shear
James LaBonte
Peter Shear
Identification:
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
Can be confused with: Rough Stink Bug
Identification:
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
Pro thorax Pronotum Shoulders
Homoptera
same-winged
APHIDS, WHITEFLIES, SCALES, PLANT HOPPERS, CICADAS
Piercing-Sucking mouthparts - Vector disease Wings with uniform texture - Held tent-like over body Many plant pests
UC IPM
Robin Rosetta
Eric Matthews
Aphids!
WSU Whatcom Co. Extension
= disease vector!
Cornicles = Aphid
WSU Whatcom Co. Extension
Diptera
two-wings
Apple maggot
Red sphere trap+lure
Cal extension
Crane fly
A. Schattmann
Fungus gnat
D. Bruck 2009
M. Hauser, CDFA
Deploy traps just prior to fruit coloring Count and record the number of male SWD weekly
*Watch website for regional detections of SWD
To share your information with OSU researchers, make sure to provide as much of the requested information as possible.
Report any findings of SWD adults and larvae in fruit to your nearest extension office
Fill out the online excel record sheet and email to : SWD.OREGON@GMX.COM Found on SWD website, For Gardeners
http://swd.hort.oregonstate.edu
Orthoptera
long-winged
GRASSHOPPERS, KATYDIDS, CRICKETS Chewing Simple metamorphosis Characteristic legs - Hind leg= modified for jumping, - thickened femur - sound production Not much of a pest on west side
Red Planet Inc.
Isoptera
similar-winged
Structural pests
Thysanoptera
THRIPS
fringe-wing
A.M Varela
Butterflies of Singapore
Glen K. Peterson
Cabbage Looper
Cabbage butterfly
Cabbage looper
OSU IPPC
Love Apple Farm 2008
NM extension
TX A&M extension
Robin Rosetta
Glassy cutworm
Glassy cutworm
No legs! Ruffly posterior
Coddling Moth
WSU extension
Apple maggot
D. Williams
Class: Isopoda
same foot
PILL-BUGS, ROLY-POLYS, SOWBUGS non-insect arthropod Habitat: moist, damp, dark soil macrofauna Scavengers = plant tissue detritus
Garden symphylans
Symphyla
Related to millipedes 3-6mm long Feed on fine roots and germinating seeds 7-8 per shovel= pest Sampling with potato
Arachnida
spider
Bio-bee.com
Mites
Jack DeAngeles
Spider mite
UC Georgia
Ronald S. Kelly
Hobo??
D. Hagon
NOT a Hobo
D. Boe
NOT a Hobo
David Phillips
NOT a Hobo
Maybe a Hobo
R. Vetter
Black widow
Most poisonous spider in Oregon Less than 1% of bites result in death Dark places: wood piles, basements, garages ID characteristic: red hourglass on females False black widow: no red markings
Break time!
Beneficial insects
Lee R. 2007
Dave Ingram
Predatory mites
Denis Crawford
Neuroptera
net-wing LACEWING
Mantodea
PRAYING MANTIS
Predators!
Lance Cromwell
Crab spider
Hover fly
Jack Dykinga Jack Dykinga
Pamela Martin
Hymenoptera
membrane wing
Red Planet Inc.
WASPS, BEES, SAWFLIES, ANTS Chewing, lapping Complete metamorphosis 4 membranous wings Ovipositor often modified into stinger Beneficial services:
Pollinators Parasitoids mutualism
Dan Perlman
Parasitoid wasps
Red Planet Inc. Dwight Kuhn
What is the difference between a Parasite and parasitoid?? Parasite = host survives Parasitoid = host is killed All life stages are targeted Egg Larvae Pupae Adult Hyperparasitoidism
Pollination
Diptera , Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera Bats, birds Specificity
corolla structure nectar timing co-evolution?
Cheating
Visit pollination Nectar thieves
Diptera
Syrphid flies
Adults pollinate feed on nectar Larvae predacious 1 can consume >100 aphids per month
Carrot family:
Lomatium
G.D. Car 2007
Angelica
Cilantro/Coriander
Lovage
Chamomile Goldenrod
Cosmos
Tom Adams 2005
Oregon sunshine
Native seed network
Habitat:
Plant flowers try some natives Let some of your salad mix go to seed!
Flowers from mustards & cabbages beneficial
Resources!
Dont forget the resource handout!