A POWER POINT PRESENTATIO N ON

SMART GRID AND ITS CHALLENGES IN ClickINDIA to edit Master subtitle style

ByIndrayuth Mukherjee (500020855) 2/17/13 Krishnandan Kr. Singh

ELECTRICI TY

A commodity? Or A Premium Value added Service.

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Electricity is morphing from a commodity into a premium form of energy Demand for more high-quality electricity will continue growing unabated The link between economic prosperity and quality electricity is tightening Traditional fossil fuels will be increasingly scarce, expensive and polluting The smart grid vision offers unique solutions to meet customers needs and societys 2/17/13

INTRODUCTION
What is a Grid?
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Network of Transmission lines, Substations, Transformers and more that deliver electricity to our homes and businesses

What makes a Grid smart?

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The digital technology that allows for two way communication between the utility and its customers, and the sensing along the transmission lines is what

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INTRODUCTION
What is a Smart Grid?
Smart Grid uses computer hardware and software, sensors, telecommunication equipment and services to:

Helps the customer to manage consumption and use electricity wisely. Enables customer to respond to utility that help minimize the period of surpluses, bottlenecks, and outages. Helps utilities in improving their performance and controlling costs by timely availability of information.
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INTRODUCTION

Associates customers to electricity by an information rich network. Provides utilities with valuable operational information that helps them to improve efficiency. Efficient combination of electrical infrastructure and information technology. 2/17/13

COMPONENTS Smart Power Meters. Smart Substations. Smart Distribution. Smart Generation.

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SMART METERING

Smart meters provide the Smart Grid interface between a home and its energy provider. Information coming to and from home through Smart Meter can be run through a home EMS. Easy-to-understand format. Better save energy. Avoid Peak Demand Rates. 2/17/13

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Areas of Implementation
Asset Management

Transmission

HVDC and UHVAC etc.

Advance Metering Infrastructures

Distributio n

Asset Management etc.

System Operations

Self Healing Grids WAMS

Adaptive Islanding etc.

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Concept of Micro Grid

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UPCL Initiatives for Smart Grid Implementatio n

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Customer database indexing

Creation of customer database linked to DT (for LT customers) and linked to feeder for HT customers. The customer database contains all the important attributes of the customer (e.g. Customer ID, Address, meter no., contact details, etc. ) All customers are given a unique identification no. The information of the customer's network connectivity is maintained in the database. This is important because customer's electrical connectivity changes frequently with expansion of electrical network, but not the customer identification.

This customer database is linked to assets database for the 2/17/13

Customer database indexing

All network elements are identified and a database is created. All the technical attributes of the equipment are recorded in the database. This asset database is linked with customer database for the purpose of defining electrical connectivity of the customers. The asset database has a GUI tool where all the child components are shown as subset of the parent. When a parent is selected the entire child components can be seen in the left pane.
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Customer database indexing

In case of network reconfiguration where some components are electrically connected to a new parent component, then all such child components can be dragged and dropped to the new parent component. The database gets immediately modified to show new electrical connectivity. The entire electrical network is mapped over a GIS map having sufficient resolution to identify an HT or LT line. When the DT is selected, then all the LT lines connected to that DT and customers connected to respective LT line are shown. The database & related software generates a color graphic map of the network with the facility for zooming, resizing and scrolling. 2/17/13

SCADA

All new 33/11 KV substations and DTs are equipped with remote data transmission capability. The SCADA system at S/S collects all the energy/ power flow and other system parameters. This information may be transmitted to central server for centralized monitoring. The information collected by SCADA can be used for load flow study, reliability index calculation (customer hour linked to Feeder/ DT) and system planning. The load information of DT/ Feeder helps in reducing outages and system planning based on actual data helps in system reconfiguration and improvement.
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Metering

Meters with AMR facility are planned for all HT Customers and large LT Industrial/ Commercial customers . The feeder meter/ DT meter and consumer meter data can be captured directly via a communication interface (RS 232C/ 485 or GSM radio link) on an MRI or HHC.

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Billing

The data entry for billing is planned at Substation/ Subdivision connected to the main server at Circle HQ, which hosts the customer database and entire bill related information. The bill processing and printing can however be done locally. The billing system software is designed to suit the existing billing practices with a provision to migrate to the best business practices. The software shall be capable of validating meter data and correct inconsistencies. The software shall be capable of generating various MIS reports as required by the UPCL or SERC
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Collection

The software shall incorporate various modes of payment by customer e.g. by cash/ cheque or through bank. On line payment gateway of designated banks and credit card payments can be used. 3. All sorts of MIS reports can be generated as required by UPCL or SERC. Software should monitor disconnection of the defaulted customer and payment/ non-payment of bills by disconnected customers. Software should also monitor temporary disconnection and dismantling on the request of customer.

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Energy Audit

The software shall interact with billing module, customer database & substation DAS for DT wise energy auditing and feeder load balancing. Software shall be intelligent enough to understand network reconfiguration and accordingly compute ATC losses during energy audit. The software shall have built in algorithm to calculate estimated technical loss based on network parameters and power flow through feeders. The software shall identify areas of high losses and generate exceptions.

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New Connection

The procedure for issuing new connection shall be simplified and the software shall monitor the entire process from submission of application to first bill generation. The application software shall be able to generate work order for inspection, estimate based on inspection report, demand order to customer and final installation instruction. The software shall also check the load demand of the customer based on the floor area, locality, etc. to validate customer's application and the capacity of the existing DT from where the customer is to be connected.

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Pre paid metering/ AMR for C&I customers

The big commercial and industrial customers (both HT & LT ) may be provided with meters with AMR facility for continuous monitoring and load profiling. Domestic customers and small commercial customers may be provided with pre-paid meters.

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Call Center (IVRS/ Voice Operated)

A call center is planned for single window clearance of all types of customer complaint/ queries. Starting from no power complaint, billing, payment and connection related complaint, the call center shall to cater to any customer complaint. Call centers would essentially be a customer contact center to service all customers of UPCL.

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Call Center (IVRS/ Voice Operated)

The call center shall be properly integrated with back office operation and all system databases to satisfy immediate requirement of customers. The maintenance management system shall also be integrated with call center. With the establishment of call center, the public interaction of UPCL official will be reduced to great extent.

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SCADA & Distribution Automation

The SCADA shall have two basic layers: Client layer for man machine interface Date server layer for handling process data and control activities

SCADA shall have a dedicated server with sufficient hardware/ software redundancy. Strong communication backbone is a must for SCADA. All the process parameters must be time stamped. As the real time database used for SCADA is proprietary in nature, it shall have a data export facility to our RDBMS through an ODBC interface.
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SCADA & Distribution Automation

SCADA shall be fully scalable for adding more process variables or hardware. The MMI of SCADA shall support multiple screens with a combination of synoptic diagrams and text. The diagram shall support graphical objects with links to process variables. These objects can be "dragged and dropped" from a library and included into a synoptic diagram. The SCADA should provide trend charts. The trending may be real time or historical as defined by the user.

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Maintenance Management & Asset Management

The maintenance management shall be integrated with SCADA, Distribution Automation and IVRS call center. The software shall manage any planned and unplanned outages while reducing restoration timeframes and safeguarding workers and public. The software should be able to group customer trouble calls by reverse tracing of electric topology and determining a common fault affecting a large number of consumers and therefore prioritize troubleshooting. The software shall be able to tackle issues of work permit and safety clearances. The software shall be able to generate Preventive/ Predictive maintenance schedules and track them till 2/17/13

Maintenance Management & Asset Management

The software shall manage, coordinate and optimize field workforce for reducing outage time and cost. After completion of work and entering the work completion statistics, the software shall maintain historical archiving of works completed. The software shall help in planning and monitoring available resources. Based on this, the work schedule can be planned and work order shall be generated.

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Load Forecasting & Network Planning

Load forecasting is a major activity of electric utilities. Utilities desire accurate estimates of maximum and minimum power demands for the next hour, day, week, month and season. Accurate forecasts can save considerable amount of money through correct scheduling of maintenance shutdowns. A database for energy consumed and half hourly maximum demand of each feeder and S/s is to be created using Load forecasting software. The software shall use advanced statistical methods such as artificial neural network or detailed engineering algorithms. The software shall generate Spatial forecasting which is mainly about forecasting future load distribution in the entire area and Temporal forecasting which is dealing with 2/17/13 forecasting load for a specific area.

Load Forecasting & Network Planning

The software shall generate Short-term load forecasting (STLF), for the day-to-day operation and scheduling of the power purchase. The software shall generate Medium-term load forecasting (MTLF), for scheduling of power purchase and maintenance programs over a period of a few weeks. The software shall generate Long-term load forecasting (LTLF), for system planning, covering a period of few years. The software shall consider all the probable factors, which influences the electric power generation and consumption. The long-term load forecasting can help in redesign/ reconfiguration of network, using GIS data.
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Challenges of Implementation and Recommendatio ns Click to edit Master subtitle style

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Whats prompting Smart Grid Development

Environmental Impact

Broad interest of policy makers and utilities in decreasing the adverse effect that energy usage has on the environment. Smart Grids uses technology to drive efficiencies in transmission, distribution, and consumption. As a result, fewer generating plants, fewer transmission and distribution assets are required in order to cater the growing demand of electricity. Smart Grids has the capability to accommodate technical difficulties of integrating renewable resources like wind and solar to the grid, providing further reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
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Whats prompting Smart Grid Development

Costs

The ability to bypass the cost of the plant and grid development is a major advantage to both the utilities and customers. Smart Grids will not reduce funds expansion; therefore huge investments are required in order to setup a link between the customers and the Smart Grid. With the aid of Smart Grids less generating units would be required in order to fulfill the energy demand of the growing population and cost of setting up more and more plants can be deferred. More emphasis can be given to overall development of T&D efficiency based on demand response, load control, 2/17/13 and many other Smart Grid technologies.

Whats prompting Smart Grid Development

Utility Operations

Smart Grids can assist the utilities, as the principal focus of the utilities is to improve business processes. Calculating Smart Grid benefits by the cost/benefit analysis puts emphasis in favor of the change and can also significantly decrease settlement/payback periods. Mobile workforce group and asset management group work collectively to organize assets and then maintain, renovate, and replace them. This results in increased productivity and fuel saving from superior methods. Smart Grid provides customers with real time information and encourages them to do online payments, thus lowering billing costs.
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Whats prompting Smart Grid Development

Theft Control

In developing countries like India, where people have a little insight of the grid and higher poverty rate, power theft is quite common. With development of Smart Grid, power theft can be controlled to a greater extent, thereby improving the efficiency of our distribution system. Grids will provide higher quality and reliable power supply, and there will be fewer blackouts.

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Whats stopping it!?!

Policy and regulation

With the move towards smart grids, the prevailing policy and regulatory frameworks must evolve in order to encourage incentives for investment. The new frameworks will need to match the interests of the consumers with the utilities and suppliers to ensure that the societal goals are achieved at the lowest cost to the consumers. Over the last two decades, the trend of liberalized market structure in various parts of the world has focused the attention of policy-makers on empowering competition and consumer choice.
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Whats stopping it!?!

Policy and regulation

The regulatory models have evolved to become more and more effective to avoid market abuse and to regulate the rates of return. The regulatory model will have to adopt the policy which focuses much on long term carbon reduction and security of supply in the defined outcomes and they need to rebalance the regulatory incentives to encourage privately financed utilities to invest at rates of return that are commensurate to the risk. This implies creating frameworks that allow risk to be shared between customers and shareholders, so that risks and rewards are balanced providing least aggregate cost to the customer.
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Whats stopping it!?!

Business Scenario

High capital and operating costs Capital and operating costs include large fixed costs linked to the chronic communications network. Hardware costs cause significant growths in economies of scale. Software integration possess a significant delivery and integration risks.
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Whats stopping it!?!

Business Scenario

Benefits are constrained by the regulatory framework The smart grid benefits case may begin on a positive note but, as misaligned policy and regulatory incentives are factored in, the investment becomes less attractive. Regulators are required to place such policies and regulations in place which could provide benefits both to the utilities and the consumers. Provide incentives to the utilities in order to remove inefficiencies from the system. For example they should 2/17/13 be aptly remunerated for the reduction in line losses on

Whats stopping it!?!

Technology maturity and delivery risk

Smart Grid implementation will include a broad range of hardware, software, and communication technologies. In some cases, the technology is well developed; however in many areas the technologies are still at a very initial stage of development and are yet to be developed to a significant level. As the technologies advances, it will reduce the delivery risk; but till then risk factor have to be included in the business situation.

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Whats stopping it!?!

Technology maturity and delivery risk

Hardware Side Many recently evolved companies have become more skeptical to the communications solutions and have focused on operating within a suite of hardware and software solutions. Policy makers, regulators, and utilities look upon wellestablished hardware providers for Smart Grid implementation. Standards will form and equipment costs will drop as economies of scale arise and competition increases.
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Whats stopping it!?!

Technology maturity and delivery risk

Software Side Major challenge is to overcome the integration of the entire hardware system and to manage high volume of data. With multiple software providers come multiple data formats and the need for complex data models. The proliferation of data puts stresses on the data management architecture that are much similar to the telecommunications industry than the utilities industry.

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Whats stopping it!?!

Lack of awareness

Consumers level of understanding about how power is delivered to their homes is often low. Consumers should be made aware about their energy consumption pattern at home, offices...etc. Policy makers and regulators must be very clear about the future prospects of Smart Grids. Utilities need to focus on the overall capabilities of Smart Grids rather than mere implementation of smart meters. They need to consider a more holistic view.

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Whats stopping it!?!

Access to affordable capital

Funds are one of the major roadblocks in implementation of Smart Grid. Policy makers and regulators have to make more conducive rules and regulations in order to attract more and more private players. Risk associated with Smart Grid is more; but in long run it is expected that risk-return profile will be closer to the current situation. The hardware manufacturers are expected to invest more and more on mass production and R&D activities so that technology obsolescence risk can be minimized and access to the capital required for this transition is at 2/17/13 reasonable cost.

Whats stopping it!?!

Cyber security and data privacy

As digital networks are more prone to malicious attacks from software hackers, security becomes the key issue to be addressed. Concerns on invasion of privacy and security of personal consumption data arises. Data collected from the consumption information could provide a significant insight of consumers behavior and preferences. This valuable information could be abused if correct protocols and security measures are not adhered to. If above two issues are not addressed in a transparent manner, it may create a negative impact on customers perception and will prove to be 2/17/13 for adoption. a barrier

Whats stopping it!?!

Skills and knowledge

As the utilities will move towards Smart Grid, there will be a demand for a new skill sets to bridge the gap and to have to develop new skills in analytics, data management and decision support. A cadre of engineers and managers will need to be trained to manage the transition. This transition will require investment of both time and money from both government and private players to support education programs that will help in building managers and engineers for tomorrow.

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How do we solve the problems

Forming Political and Economic Frameworks

Policy makers and regulators have to implement a framework which optimally spread the risk over the whole value chain i.e. to guard the investors from risk and to yield the result at lower cost to the customers. They have to form a robust incentive model in order to attract more and more private investment. Rate of return should be based on the output generated. Rewards and penalty mechanism should be considered in order to monitor the performance of the utilities and to encourage them to deliver the outcomes in the most efficient manner.
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How do we solve the problems

Moving Towards a Societal Value System

Major challenge for the transition from analogous to digital infrastructure will be to move from utility-centric investment decision to societal-level decisions. This will determine wider scopes of the Smart Grid. This would help in the accelerated adoption of Smart Grid Technology by the society.

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How do we solve the problems

Achieving greater efficiency in energy delivery

Smart Grid Technology should consider building greater efficiency into the energy system . This will result in reduction of losses, peak load demand and thereby decreasing generation as well as consumption of energy. New regulatory framework which incentivizes utilities for reducing the technical losses would help utilities to perform more efficiently.

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How do we solve the problems

Enabling distributed generation and storage

Smart grids will change where, when and how energy is produced. Each household and business will be empowered to become a micro-generator. Onsite photovoltaic panels and small-scale wind turbines are the predominant examples; developing resources consist of geothermal, biomass, hydrogen fuel cells, plugin hybrid electric vehicles and batteries. As the cost of traditional energy sources continues to rise and the cost of distributed generation technologies falls, the economic situation for this evolution will build.
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How do we solve the problems

Increasing Awareness on Smart Grids

There is an imperative need to make the society and the policy makers aware about the capabilities of a Smart Grid. The matter also needs to be debated more holistically as a true enabler to the low-carbon economy, rather than as an investment decision to be taken within the meeting room of distinct utilities. Consumer education is of paramount importance. User-friendly and state-of-the-art products and services will play a significant role in convincing the society about Smart Grids.
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How do we solve the problems

Creating a Fresh Pool of Skills and Knowledge

Successful implementation of the smart grid will require a large number of highly skilled engineers and managers mainly those who are trained to work on transmission and distribution networks. On-job training and employees development will be vital across the industry. There is a requirement for investment in the development of relevant undergraduate, postgraduate and vocational training to make sure the availability of a suitable work force for the future. The investment in T&D should not be limited and neither in research and knowledge development.
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How do we solve the problems

Addressing Cyber security Risks and Data Privacy Issues

Smart Grid success depends on the successful handling of two major IT issues: Security Integration and data handling Utilities have to give assurance to the consumers that their valuable information is handled by authorized party in ethical manner. The government has to adopt high standard level in order to withstand cyber-attacks.

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ON-GOING SMART GRID ACTIVITIES

APDRP, R-APDRP initiative for distribution reform (AT&C focus). DRUM India Distribution Reform Upgrade, Management. Four pilot sites (North Delhi, Bangalore, Gujarat, Maharashtra). Smart Grid Task Force Headed by Sam Pitroda. BESCOM project Bangalore Integration of renewable and distributed energy resources into the grid. KEPCO project in Kerala India - $10 Billion initiative for Smart-Grid L&T and Telvent project Maharashtra Distribution Management System roll-out. 2/17/13