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1
General Principles
Chapter Objectives
Basic quantities and idealizations of mechanics Newtons Laws of Motion and Gravitation Principles for applying the SI system of units Standard procedures for performing numerical calculations General guide for solving problems
Chapter Outline
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Mechanics Fundamental Concepts Units of Measurement The International System of Units Numerical Calculations General Procedure for Analysis
1.1 Mechanics
Mechanics can be divided into 3 branches: - Rigid-body Mechanics - Deformable-body Mechanics - Fluid Mechanics Rigid-body Mechanics deals with - Statics - Dynamics
1.1 Mechanics
Statics Equilibrium of bodies At rest Move with constant velocity
F ma
F = force of gravitation between two particles G = universal constant of gravitation m1,m2 = mass of each of the two particles r = distance between the two particles
mM e Weight: W G 2 r
2 Letting g GM e / r yields W mg
Name
Length
Time
Mass
Force
kg .m 2 s
W = mg (g = 9.81m/s2)
Hence, a body of mass 1 kg has a weight of 9.81 N, a 2 kg body weighs 19.62 N
Each represent a multiple or sub-multiple of a unit Eg: 4,000,000 N = 4000 kN (kilo-newton) = 4 MN (mega- newton) 0.005m = 5 mm (milli-meter)
Example
Convert to 2 km/h to m/s. Solution
0.556 m/s s
QUIZ
1. The subject of mechanics deals with what happens to a body when ______ is / are applied to it. A) magnetic field B) heat C) forces D) neutrons E) lasers 2. ________________ still remains the basis of most of todays engineering sciences. A) Newtonian Mechanics B) Relativistic Mechanics C) Greek Mechanics C) Euclidean Mechanics
QUIZ
3. Evaluate the situation, in which mass (kg), force (N), and length (m) are the base units and recommend a solution. A) A new system of units will have to be formulated. B) Only the unit of time have to be changed from second to something else. C) No changes are required. D) The above situation is not feasible.
QUIZ
4. Give the most appropriate reason for using three significant figures in reporting results of typical engineering calculations. A) Historically slide rules could not handle more than three significant figures. B) Three significant figures gives better than one-percent accuracy. C) Telephone systems designed by engineers have area codes consisting of three figures. D) Most of the original data used in engineering calculations do not have accuracy better than one percent.
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QUIZ
5. For a statics problem your calculations show the final answer as 12345.6 N. What will you write as your final answer? A) 12345.6 N B) 12.3456 kN C) 12 kN D) 12.3 kN E) 123 kN 6. In three step IPE approach to problem solving, what does P stand for? A) Position B) Plan C) Problem D) Practical E) Possible