1111111000111000111100011111001100101000001111000010010010101000101010101000

01001001000111001111001111000111000111001110011110001111100110011110000111100
1111000100011111111000111000111100011111001100101000001111000010010010101000
0000100001001001001000111001111001111000111000111001110011110001111100110011
11110101010011110001000111111110001110001111000111110011001010000011110000100
1110000010101010000111111111000001010101000011111111100000101010100001111111
010101010000111111111000001010101000011111111100000101010100001111111110000
1111111000111000111100011111001100101000001111000010010010101000101010101000
01001001000111001111001111000111000111001110011110001111100110011110000111100
1111000100011111111000111000111100011111001100101000001111000010010010101000
0000100001001001001000111001111001111000111000111001110011110001111100110011
11110101010011110001000111111110001110001111000111110011001010000011110000100
1110000010101010000111111111000001010101000011111111100000101010100001111111
010101010000111111111000001010101000011111111100000101010100001111111110000

Community Internet Cafe 2004

World In Need Philippines

Asian Internet Bible Institute

Philippine Mission Association

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
consists of two or more computers
0010010010101000101010101000
linked in order to share resources
000101010100001111111110000010
11111100000101010100001111111
(such as printers and CD-ROMs),
01000011111111100000101010100
exchange files, or allow electronic
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000
communications.

What is a Network?

that are

linked through cables, telephone lines,

radio waves, satellites, or infrared light
beams

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
Local Area Network (LAN)
0010010010101000101010101000
- lab, school, building
000101010100001111111110000010
11111100000101010100001111111
Metropolitan Area Network
01000011111111100000101010100
- cities, school districts
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000

Basic types of networks:

(MAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

- regions, states or the world,
require transoceanic cabling or
satellite uplinks

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
Speed
0010010010101000101010101000
Cost
000101010100001111111110000010
11111100000101010100001111111
Security
01000011111111100000101010100
Centralized
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000

Advantages

Software Management
Resource Sharing
Electronic Mail
Flexible Access
Workgroup Computing

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
Expensive to Install
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
Requires Administrative
11111100000101010100001111111
File Server may Fail
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
Cables May Break
11111110000

Disadvantages

Time

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
set of rules that governs the
0010010010101000101010101000
communications between computers
000101010100001111111110000010
11111100000101010100001111111
on a network.
01000011111111100000101010100
guidelines that regulate the characteristics
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000
of a network: access method, allowed

What is a Protocol?

physical topologies, types of cabling,

and speed of data transfer.

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
Ethernet
0010010010101000101010101000
LocalTalk
000101010100001111111110000010
11111100000101010100001111111
Token Ring
01000011111111100000101010100
Fiber Distributed
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000

Most common protocols

Data Interface(FDDI)
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
Includes all computers, peripherals,
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
interface cards,
11111100000101010100001111111
Other equipment needed to
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
perform data-processing and
11111110000

What is a Networking Hardware?

communications within the

network.

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
File Servers
0010010010101000101010101000
Workstations
000101010100001111111110000010
11111100000101010100001111111
Network Interface
01000011111111100000101010100
Connectors/Hubs
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000

Network Hardwares

Cards

Repeaters
Bridges
Routers

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
0010010010101000101010101000
Cable
000101010100001111111110000010
- is the medium through which
11111100000101010100001111111
01000011111111100000101010100
information usually moves from
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000 one network device to another.

What is a Network Cabling?

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
1. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
0010010010101000101010101000
- Unshielded Twisted Pair
000101010100001111111110000010
11111100000101010100001111111
Connector (RJ-45)
01000011111111100000101010100
2. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000
3. Coaxial Cable

What is a Network Cabling?

- Coaxial Cable Connectors (BNC)

4. Fiber Optic Cable
- Fiber Optic Connector (ST)
5. Wireless LANs

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
1. Always use more cable than you need.
100011100011110001111100110010
0010010010101000101010101000
Leave plenty of slack.
000101010100001111111110000010
2. Test every part of a network as you
11111100000101010100001111111
01000011111111100000101010100
install it. Even if it is brand new,
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000it may have problems that will be

Installing Cable Some Guidelines

difficult to isolate later.

3. Stay at least 3 feet away from
fluorescent light boxes and other
sources of electrical interference.

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
4. If it is necessary to run cable across
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
the floor, cover the cable with
11111100000101010100001111111
cable protectors.
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
4. Label both ends of each cable.
11111110000

Installing Cable Some Guidelines

5. Use cables ties (not tape) to keep

cables in the same location together.

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
11111100000101010100001111111
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000

How to Wire a Network

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
11111100000101010100001111111
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
11111100000101010100001111111
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000

Cabling: Straight-Through

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
11111100000101010100001111111
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000

Cabling: Crossed-Over

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
11111100000101010100001111111
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
Method used to
11111110000

What is a Topology?

Refers to the configuration of

cables, computers, and other
peripherals.
pass information
between workstations.

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
0010010010101000101010101000
1. LINEAR BUS
000101010100001111111110000010
- consist of a main run of cable with
11111100000101010100001111111
01000011111111100000101010100
terminator at each end.
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000- all nodes (file server, workstations,

Main types of Physical Topologies

and peripherals) are connected

to the linear cable.

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
Easy to connect a computer or
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
peripheral to a linear bus.
11111100000101010100001111111
Requires less cable length than a
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
topology.
11111110000

Advantages of a Linear Bus Topology

star

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
Entire network shuts down if there is a
0010010010101000101010101000
break in the main cable.
000101010100001111111110000010
11111100000101010100001111111
Terminators are required at both ends
01000011111111100000101010100
the backbone cable.
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000

Disadvantages of a Linear Bus Topology

of

Difficult to identify the problem if the

entire network shuts down.
Not meant to be used as a stand-alone
Solution in a large building

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
2. STAR
0010010010101000101010101000
- designed with each node (file server,
000101010100001111111110000010
11111100000101010100001111111
workstations, and peripherals)
01000011111111100000101010100
connected directly to a central
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000

Main types of Physical Topologies

network hub or concentrator.

- data on a star network passes
through the hub or concentrator
before continuing to its destination.

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
Easy to install and wire
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
No disruptions to the network then
11111100000101010100001111111
connecting or removing devices
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
Easy to detect faults and to
11111110000

Advantages of a Star Topology

remove parts.

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
Requires more cable length than
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
linear topology
11111100000101010100001111111
If the hub or concentrator fails,
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
nodes attached are disabled.
11111110000

Disadvantages of a Star Topology

More expensive than linear bus

topologies because of the cost of the
concentrators.

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
3. STAR-WIRED RING
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
- externally, may appear to be the
11111100000101010100001111111
same as a STAR topology.
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
- internally, the multistation access unit
11111110000

Main types of Physical Topologies

(MAU) contains wiring that allows

information to pass from one device
to another in a circle or ring.

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
4. TREE
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
- combines characteristics of linear bus
11111100000101010100001111111
and star topologies.
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
- it consists of groups of star-configured
11111110000

Main types of Physical Topologies

workstations connected to a linear

bus backbone cable.
- allows expansion of an existing
network.

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
Point-to-point wiring for individual
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
segments.
11111100000101010100001111111
Supported by several hardware
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
and software vendors.
11111110000

Advantages of a Tree Topology

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
Overall length of each segment is
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
limited by the type of cabling used.
11111100000101010100001111111
If the backbone line breaks, the entire
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
segment goes down.
11111110000

Disadvantages of a Tree Topology

More difficult to configure and wire

than other topologies.

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
Money.
11111100000101010100001111111
Length of cable
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
Future growth.
11111110000

Considerations When Choosing

A Topology
needed.

Cable type.

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
There are two major types:
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
11111100000101010100001111111
1. Peer-to-Peer
01000011111111100000101010100
- allow users to share
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000

What is a Network Operating System?

resources and
files located on their computers
and to access shared resources
found on other computers.

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
Less initial expense No need for a
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
dedicated server.
11111100000101010100001111111
Setup an operating system
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
already in place may only need
11111110000

Advantages of Peer-to-Peer

to be reconfigured for peer-topeer operations.

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
Decentralized No central repository for
0010010010101000101010101000
files and applications.
000101010100001111111110000010
11111100000101010100001111111
Security Does not provide the security
01000011111111100000101010100
available on a client/server network.
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000

Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
2. Client/Server
100011100011110001111100110010
- allows network to centralized functions
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
and applications in one or more
11111100000101010100001111111
dedicated file servers.
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
file
servers
become
the
heart
of
the
11111110000

What is a Network Operating System?

system, providing access to resources

and providing security.
- allow multiple users to simultaneously
share the same resources irrespective of
physical location.

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
11111100000101010100001111111
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000

Advantages of Client/Server Network

Centralized
Scalability
Flexibility
Interoperability
Accessibility

Networking Guide

100111100011100011100111001111
00111100001111001100100101010
networking guide
101001111000100011111111000111
community internet caf
11100110010100000111100001001
010101010000111111111000010001
010010010001110011110011110001
100111100011111001100111100001
10101000011111101010100111100
100011100011110001111100110010
0010010010101000101010101000
000101010100001111111110000010
11111100000101010100001111111
01000011111111100000101010100
000010101010000111111111000001
11111110000

Disadvantages of Client/Server Network

Expensive investment in dedicated

server
Maintenance require a dedicated
staff to ensure efficient operation
Dependence when server goes
down, operation will cease across
the network

Networking Guide

1111111000111000111100011111001100101000001111000010010010101000101010101000
01001001000111001111001111000111000111001110011110001111100110011110000111100
1111000100011111111000111000111100011111001100101000001111000010010010101000
0000100001001001001000111001111001111000111000111001110011110001111100110011
11110101010011110001000111111110001110001111000111110011001010000011110000100
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