Exploration Network Chapter 11 (Rev 1.0)

Configuring and Testing Your Network
Network Fundamentals Chapter 11
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1
2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)

The IOS file itself is several MB in size and is stored in a semi-permanent memory area called flash.
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Accessing the Cisco IOS on a Device

Methods: Console, Telnet or SSH, AUX port
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Configuration Files
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Cisco IOS Modes

Recognize that Cisco IOS is modal and describe the implications of modes.
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IOS Prompt Structure
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IOS Primary Mode

Two primary modes: User EXEC and Privileged EXEC
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Moving between the User EXEC and Privileged EXEC Modes Output similar to a Cisco switch
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Basic IOS Command Structure

Commands are not case-sensitive. A command might require one or more arguments. An argument is a value or variable defined by the user. After entering each complete command, including any arguments, press the <Enter> key to submit the command to the command interpreter.
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IOS Command Convention
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Context-sensitive Help
IOS Help Forms: Context-sensitive help, Command, Syntax Check, Hot Keys and Shortcuts
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Command Syntax Check
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Hot Keys and Shortcuts
Tab - Completes the remainder of the command or keyword Ctrl-R - Redisplays a line Ctrl-Z - Exits configuration mode and returns to the EXEC Down Arrow - Allows user to scroll forward through former commands (Ctrl-N) Up Arrow - Allows user to scroll backward through former commands (Ctrl-P) Ctrl-Shift-6 - Allows the user to interrupt an IOS process such as ping or traceroute Ctrl-C - Aborts the current command and exits the configuration mode
Commands and keywords can be abbreviated to the minimum number of characters that identifies a unique selection.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
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IOS Examination Commands

Identify the purpose of the show command and several of its variations
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IOS Output show version
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Other show outputs
show arp - Displays the ARP table of the device. show mac-address-table - (switch only) Displays the MAC table of a switch. show startup-config - Displays the saved configuration located in NVRAM. show running-config - Displays the contents of the currently running configuration file show ip interfaces - Displays IPv4 statistics for all interfaces on a router. To view the statistics for a specific interface, enter the show ip interfaces command followed by the specific interface slot/port number. Another important format of this command is show ip interface brief. This gets a quick summary of the interfaces and their operational states. When a --More-- prompt appears, press the Spacebar to view the next portion of output. To display only the next line, press the Enter key.
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Other IOS Configuration Modes
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Configuring Host Names

If the hostname is not explicitly configured, a router uses the factory-assigned default hostname "Router." (Switch for a Cisco switch) It is a good practice to create the naming convention at the same time as the addressing scheme to allow for continuity within the organization. Device host names are only used by administrators when they use the CLI to configure devices. Unless configured to do so, the devices themselves do not use these names when they discover each other and interoperate.
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To negate the effects of a command, preface the command with the no keyword.
Configuring Host Names
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Limiting Device Access Passwords and Banners

Passwords are the primary defense against unauthorized access to network devices. The passwords introduced here are:
Console password - limits device access using the console connection Enable password - limits access to the privileged EXEC mode Enable secret password - encrypted, limits access to the privileged EXEC mode VTY password - limits device access using Telnet
Use strong passwords that are not easily guessed. In our labs, simple passwords such as cisco or class will be used. These passwords are considered weak and easily guessable.
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Configuring Console Passwords
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Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic Router & Switch Configuration and Verification
service password-encryption - causes the encryption of passwords to occur when a password is configured. The command applies weak encryption to all unencrypted passwords; weak encryption; irreversible
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Banner MOTD
Because banners can be seen by anyone who attempts to log in, the message must be worded very carefully. Any wording that implies that a login is "welcome" or "invited" is not appropriate.
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Checking Configuration Files
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Backing Up Configurations Offline

Configuration files should be stored as backup files in the event of a problem. Configuration files can be stored on a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server, a CD, a USB memory stick, or a floppy disk stored in a safe place. A configuration file should also be included in the network documentation..
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Backup Configurations with Text Capture (HyperTerminal)

Use a text file to backup and restore config settings
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Configuring Router Ethernet Interfaces
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Configuring Router Serial Interfaces
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Interface Descriptions
Explain the purpose of assigning interface descriptions to a router
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Configuring Switch Interfaces
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Test the Stack

Ping indicators: (!) - receipt of an ICMP echo reply; (.) indicates a timed out while waiting for a reply; (U) ICMP unreachable message
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Interface Testing
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Testing the Local NIC Assignment

Use the ping command to determine if the IP protocol is properly bound to an NIC
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Testing Gateway Connectivity
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Testing Remote Connectivity
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Testing the Path to a Remote Host
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Interpreting Test Results

Identify several conditions that might cause the test to fail
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Use Common Utilities to Establish a Relative Performance Baseline for the Network
A baseline is a process for studying the network at regular intervals to ensure that the network is working as designed. It is more than a single report detailing the health of the network at a certain point in time. One method for starting a baseline is to copy and paste the results from an executed ping, trace, or other relevant command into a text file.
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Use Common Utilities to Establish a Relative Performance Baseline for the Network
Use the output of the traceroute command, saved into logs, and repeated over time, to establish relative network performance
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Learning About Nodes on a Network

The arp command provides for the mapping of physical addresses to known IPv4 addresses. Another method for collecting MAC addresses is to employ a ping sweep
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Learning About Switched Connections

One additional tool that can be helpful is a mapping of how hosts are connected to a switch.
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Configuring and Testing Your Network

Network Fundamentals Chapter 11

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Accessing the Cisco IOS on a Device

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco IOS Modes

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

IOS Prompt Structure

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

IOS Primary Mode

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Basic IOS Command Structure

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

IOS Command Convention

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Command Syntax Check

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Hot Keys and Shortcuts

IOS Examination Commands

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

IOS Output show version

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Other show outputs

Other IOS Configuration Modes

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Configuring Host Names

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Configuring Host Names

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Limiting Device Access Passwords and Banners

Configuring Console Passwords

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Checking Configuration Files

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Backing Up Configurations Offline

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1