Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
chromosomal sex
gonadal sex
ENVIRONMENT
hormonal sex
morphological sex
Reproduction
Hormonal control of reproductive processes
Female reproductive function
Fertility Pregnancy, parturition, and lactation (?)
Development
Sex determination and differentiation
Chromosomal-gonadal-hormonal-morphological
Behavioral Endocrinology
Aggression Pair Bonding
Hormonal Control
HPG axis
Contraceptives Pathophysiology
Hormonal Control
HPG axis
Contraceptives Pathophysiology
Primordial follicle
Secondary follicle
time
28 days
Follicular Phase
Luteal Phase
Hormonal Control
HPG axis
Contraceptives Pathophysiology
LH
1. 2. 3. 4. Androgen Synthesis (thecal cells) Moves primary oocyte out of meiosis I Luteinization of follicular cells Ovulation
FSH
1. 2. 3. Follicular development Conversion of androgens to estrogens (granulosa cells) Induce Inhibin secretion from granulosa cells
granulosa cell
TE2 ?
inhibin
E2
T E2
LH
FSH
HPG axis
HPG axis
P4
+E2
HPG axis
Menstrual Cycle
Hormonal Control
HPG axis
Contraceptives Pathophysiology
The Pill
Carl Djurassi
Invented the first oral contraceptive in 1951 FDA approved in 1957
Two types
Combination of estrogens and progestins Progestins only (depo proverashot)
Hormonal Control
HPG axis
Contraceptives Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
Amenorrhealack of menstrual cycle
Primary amenorrhea Secondary amenorrhea
Pregnancy Menopause
Premature menopause
Infertilityand treatment
Causes of infertility
Ovary stimulation
Hyperstimulated ovary
stimulation month
Pregnancy test
Multi-cell stage
8-cell stage embryos
bean 1
bean 2 bean 1?
bean 2?
0
25 30 35 age 40 45 50
Types of IVF
Use your own eggs collected that cycle Use frozen embryos collected from you previously Use fresh eggs or embryos from 3% donor
13% 75%
8%
Gestational carrier
Hormonal Control
HPG axis
Contraceptives Pathophysiology