Training

Systematic development of
Knowledge

Skills
Attitudes

Identifying training needs

Sources of Training Needs Assessment

Process of training

Typical Division of HR Responsibilities: Training

Figure 92

Linking Business and Training Strategies

Source: Based on ideas from Lisa A. Burke and Joseph V. Wilson III.

Figure 93

Training Process

Figure 94

Sources of Training Needs Assessment

Figure 95

Learning Styles
Adult Learning Principles
Have need to know why they are learning something. Have need to be self-directed. Bring more work-related experiences into the process. Employ a problem-solving approach in the experience.

Are motivated by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors.

Learning: Types of Training

Required and Regular Training Job/Technical Training

Types of Training
Developmental and Innovative Training Interpersonal and Problem-Solving Training

Orientation: Training for New Employees

Achievements of Effective Orientation

Favorable Impression

Provides Information

Co-Worker Acceptance

Socialization and Integration

Performance and Productivity

Internal Training
Informal Training
Training that occurs through interactions and feedback among employees.

On-the-Job Training (OJT)

Problems with OJT
Poorly-qualified or indifferent trainers Disruption of regular work Bad or incorrect habits are passed on

External Training
Reasons for External Training
May be less expensive to outsource training Insufficient time to develop training Lack of expertise Advantages of interacting with outsiders

E-Learning: Training Online Classroom (Internal External)

External Training: E-Learning

E-Learning: Training Online
The using the Internet or an organizational intranet to conduct training online.

Criteria for adopting e-learning:

Sufficient top management support and funding Accepting the idea of decentralized and individualized training Current training methods not meeting needs Computer literacy and access to computers Time and travel cost concerns for trainees The number and self-motivation of trainees

Advantages and Disadvantages of E-Learning

Source: Developed by Lisa A. Burke. May not be reproduced without permission.

Figure 910

Balancing Costs and Benefits of Training

Figure 912

Training Evaluation (contd)

Cost-Benefit Analyses
Comparison of costs and benefits associated with training

Return on Investment Benchmarking Training

Adult Learning Principles

Have need to know why they are learning something.

Have need to be self-directed.

Bring more work-related experiences into the process.

Employ a problem-solving approach in the experience.

Are motivated by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors.

Training methods
ON THE JOB Job instruction Apprenticeship Job rotation Project based OFF THE JOB

Lectures Simulations
Cases Experiential exercises Role play Vestibule Computer modeling

Training Vs. Development

Is designed with specific learning outcomes E.g: an operator who has received the requisite training should be able to use a milling machine to produce test pieces within the tolerance limit. Focused more on the individual than the occupation Concerned with longer-term personal growth and career movement

Management Development Programmes

Job rotation Coaching Understudy

Conferences and Lectures

MDP Methods

Multiple management

Sensitivity training Transactional Analysis

Simulation

Training- Evaluation

Evaluation -Kirkpatricks Model

Level 1 2 3 4 Basis
Response Learning

What it Measures
Was the employee satisfied with the workplace education? What did the employee learn from it?

Performance How did it effect the employee performance? Results Did the improvements attributable to training effort affect organizational performance?

Exercise
Suppose you were asked to teach a group of somewhat experienced but not formally trained supervisors how to conduct a disciplinary interview with a subordinate who has performed badly or broken rule. Come up with ten different methods or activities you could use to do this. Which method do you think would be most effective? How might you combine several methods for the best effect?

Exercise
The placement cell at your university is preparing to offer a one-day course for graduating students on how to find a job. They have asked you to plan an evaluation of the effectiveness of this training program. Which of Kirkpatricks levels of evaluation would you use? Which specific measures would you collect? Which research design would you use?