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Objectives:
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)
Write the Lewis dot symbol for atom State the octet rule Describe how atoms attain the octet (noble gas) configuration Define and describe the formation of ionic bond Draw Lewis structures for simple ionic compound List the properties of ionic compound
Getting Started
When atoms interact to form a chemical bond (ionic or covalent bond), only their outer regions are in contact.
Chemical bonds are the attraction forces that hold the atoms together tightly in a molecule or to position the ions in a lattice crystal of ionic compound. Generally, the chemical and physical properties of a compound are governed by the types of chemical bonding in the compound.
Lewis Symbol
Lewis structure (Lewis symbol) consists of the symbol of an element and one dot or cross for each valence electron in an atom of the element.
The number of unpaired dots indicates the number of electrons a metal atom loses, the number a non-metal atom gains or the number of covalent bonds a non-metal atom usually forms
e. conf. Boron no. v.e. 3 1 7 Symbol Lewis str. B B Na F
sodium
Na
F
Place one dot at a time on the four sides (top, right, bottom, left) of the element symbol. Then, pair up the dots until all are used.
Octet Rule
In forming chemical bonds, atoms (representative elements excluding H, He, Li, Be, B) tend to accept or donate or share a number of electrons to acquire the electronic configurations of noble gases with 8 electrons in the valence shell: ns2 np6
Maximum stability results when an atom is isoelectronic with a noble gas.
F
2s2 2p6
Fluoride ion
F
2s2 2p5 share electron
Ne FFluorine
molecule
F
2s2 2p6
K
[Ar] 4s1 Al
[Ar] Al
3+
[Ne]
Sn
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Cation
ne Ionic bond
anion
Na
Na
Cl
Na Cl
Cl
Li2O CaF2
2Li
O 2 F
2
Ca
Al2O3
2 Al 3 3 O
The product of charges on cation and anion Ionic size (the distance between two ionic nuclei Polarisation effect and the covalent character in ionic bond (not discussed)
Example :
Place one dot at a time on the four sides (top, right, bottom, left) of the element symbol. Then, pair up the dots until all are used.