Values & Beliefs

Sri Warsini, S.Kep.,Ns.,MKes

Values

Are freely chosen, enduring beliefs or

attitudes about the worth of a person, object, idea or action Values are significant in choice making (Saladay & McDonnell 1989, p 544) Considered subjective, vary across people & cultures & are in many ways aligned with belief & belief system

Contd
Freedom, courage, family, and dignity are
example of values Values is basic for forming behavior A persons real values are shown by consistent patterns of behavior Once we aware of our values, they become an internal control for behavior

Value system
Is a set of consistent values Values underlie purposive behavior which
refers to actions that are performed on purpose with the intention of reaching some goal

 Purposive behavior is based on a persons

decisions or choices, and these decisions or choices are based on underlying values Personal values reflect experiences and a persons intelligence

Value set
Each persons; nurse, client and physician
has a personal set of values A value set is the group of values a person holds Individuals incorporate personal values into their lives as a result of observing the behavior and attitudes of parents and teachers and interacting with their cultural, religion, and social environment

Type of Values
Intrinsic

Extrinsic VALUES Positif

Negatif

Intrinsic Values
Relates to the maintenance of life Intrinsic value is strongly linked to the
purpose in life

Extrinsic Values
Originates outside the individual and is not
necessary for the maintenance of life Ex/ Holism, and humanism

Positive Values
Is a view of what is desirable or how
something should be Ex: Nurses value such as caring

Negative Values
Is a view of what is undesirable or how
something should not be Ex: Talking unkindly about clients is considered by many nurses to be undesirable. Therefore, being unkind to clients is a negative value

Types of Values
1. Religious: obtains strength from religious 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
beliefs Theoretical : Holds truth, rationality, and empiricism in high esteem Political : Values power Economic: Values usefulness and practicality Aesthetic: Values beauty, and harmony Social : Values human interactions is kind, sympathetic, and unselfish Ethical/moral values

7.

Values Transmission
The origin of a persons values are culture
society, institutions, and personality Values are learned through observation & experiences Acquiring values is a gradual process, usually occurring at an unconscious level

Personal values
Some values which derive from the society in
which they live and internalize them Societal values need to feel accepted, but personal values to individualize themselves Societal values : individual right, autonomy, democracy, equal opportunity, education, friendship, family Personal values : self-worth, religion, independence, honesty, love, sense of humor

Professional values
Often a reflection and expansion of
personal values Acquired during socialization into nursing from codes ethics, nursing experiences, teachers and peers Nursing values relate to competence and compassion

Four important values of Nursing (Watson, 1981) 1. Strong commitment to service 2. Belief in the dignity and worth of each
person 3. Commitment to education 4. Autonomy

Values and Norms Values are related to the norms Values are more general and abstract Norms are rules for behavior in specific

situations, while values identify what should be judged as good or evil Flying the national flag on holiday is a norm, it reflects value of patriotism Wearing dark clothing are normative behavior at a funeral, it reflects the values of respect of other

Social Norms
Are the behavioral expectations & cues
within a society or group. The rules that a group uses for appropriate and inappropriate values, beliefs, attituted & behaviors Customary rules of behavior that coordinate our interactions with others

Beliefs
Are interpretation or conclusions that we
accept as true (Chaffee 1990, p.187) Based more on faith than on fact and may or may not true