NETWORKING

NETWORK DEVICES

LAN CARDS
Also called as Ethernet card or Network card or Network Interface Card. Basic thing required in PC for LAN Connectivity. The main thing in LAN card is the Mac address. Some features about Mac / hardware / physical address. It is burned / written in LAN card by manufacturer during creating it. It is unique in the world It is 48 bits long, in which they are divided into 6 groups of 8 bits separated by : or It is presented in hexadecimal format Ex.- 0A-0B-01-55-5A-44

TYPES OF LAN CARDS

Ethernet card

Fiber optic LAN card

Wireless LAN card

ETHERNET CARD

A network interface card (NIC) is a hardware device that handles an interface to a computer network and allows a network-capable device to access that network.

FIBER OPTIC LAN CARD

Support of longer networking distances and immunity to EMI/RFI.

WIRELESS NIC

A wireless network interface controller (WNIC) is a network card which connects to a radio-based computer network, unlike a regular network interface controller (NIC) which connects to a wirebased network such as token ring or ethernet.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CASTING PROCESS

Method of sending a data is called as casting; there are 3 types of casting as given below UNICASTING When a data is send to individual pc in the network, it is called Unicasting. The Mac address will be address of that pc.

 Multicasting-

When a data is sending to a group inside a network it is called multicasting. The Mac address will be like this ex.- 0A-A3-12-FF-FF-FF (Here FF means to all , this address states all pc's with their 1st 3 bytes as 0A-A3-12)
Broadcasting-

When data is send to all pc in the network, it is called broadcasting. The Mac address will be FFFF-FF-FF-FF-FF (all FF means to all devices having any Mac)

REPEATER A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances. An analog device that amplifies an input signal regardless of its nature (analog or digital).

A digital device that amplifies, reshapes, retimes, or performs a combination of any of these functions on a digital input signal for retransmission

REPEATER

HUB

An Ethernet hub, active hub, network hub, repeater hub, hub or concentrator is a device for connecting multiple twisted pair or fiber optic Ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment.

WORKING OF HUB