Sour in taste Produce H+ (hydrogen ions) Turns blue litmus to red Acids + metals salt + hydrogen gas Conduct

electricity are corrosive (acid rain) Acid + base salt + water (neutralization) pH less than 7

HCl - hydrochloric- stomach acid H2SO4- sulfuric acid - car batteries HNO3 - nitric acid - explosives HC2H3O2- acetic acid - vinegar H2CO3-carbonic acid - sodas H3PO4- phosphoric acid - flavorings

Examples of acids:
Vinegar Lemon Juice

Soft Drink
Battery Acid Stomach Acid Apple Juice Black Tea

Bitter to taste Soapy to touch Water soluble bases are called alkalis All alkalis are bases but all bases are not alkalis Turns red litmus to blue, phenolphthalein pink and methyl orange yellow Base + acid salt + water pH is greater than 7

NaOH- sodium hydroxide (LYE) soaps, drain cleaner Mg (OH)2 - magnesium hydroxide-antacids Al(OH)3-aluminum hydroxide-antacids, deodorants NH4OH-ammonium hydroxide- ammonia

Examples of bases:
Detergent Baking Soda

Drain Cleaner
Ammonia Soaps (hand, dish) Antacid

 Weak Bases: ammonia; potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate Strong Bases: sodium hydroxide; sodium phosphate; barium hydroxide; calcium hydroxide

 These are items that are neither acids or bases.

Neutral items will turn blue and red litmus paper green. The main example of a neutral item is: Pure Water

Indicator

Acid color

Neutral color

Base color

Phenolphthalein Colorless Faint pink Dark pink Bromthymol blue Litmus Yellow Red Green ----Blue Blue

 Red litmus paper Blue litmus paper

pH (Scale and paper)

Red Cabbage Juice

Robert Boyle discovered litmus paper certain plant extracts(Lichens), such as litmus, can be used to distinguish acids from bases.

blue paper turn red when dipped in an acid

red litmus paper turn blue when exposed to a base

the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration of an aqueous solution; used to express acidity.

pH is the measure of the acidity or

basicity of a solution.
The pH scale ranges from 1 to 14 1 through 6 being acidic

7 is considered neutral
8 through 14 being basic

 Red cabbage can be used as an acid/base

indicator
After boiling the red cabbage we will get juice. Pour a small amount of the juice into a small sample of a substance your checking

The juice will turn blue if the substance is a base

The juice will turn red if the substance is an acid

 A salt is a neutral substance produced from the reaction of an acid and a base. Composed of the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base. One of the products of a Neutralization Reaction Examples: Potassium chloride(KCl), Magnesium
Sulphate(MgSO4 ), Sodium phosphate (Na3PO4 )

 A neutralization reaction is the reaction of an acid with a base to produce salt and water. Example H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4 + H2O

 Digestion-process by which foods are broken down into simpler substances. Mechanical digestion-physical process in which food is torn apart (mouth) Chemical digestion- chemical reactions in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules. (stomach and small intestines)

 Mouth-pH around 7. Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme which begins to break carbohydrates into sugars. Stomach- pH around 2. Proteins are broken down into amino acids by the enzyme pepsin. Small intestine-pH around 8. Most digestion ends. Small molecules move to bloodstream toward cells that use them

Source:Wikipedia Google Khan Academy Meritnation