Session 1: The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster

This session will introduce the concept of natural hazards and disasters at the coast through the example of the recent tsunami disaster in the Indian Ocean.
(Source: NASA Earth Observatory; aerial photo of Kalutara Beach, Sri Lanka on 12/26/04) Slide 1. 1, Lecture Outline

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course

Introduction: Natural Hazards in the Coastal Zone

Coastal Hazards can be defined as natural hazards that occur within the coastal zone. The hazards discussed in this course can happen in the coastal zone, but occur in other locations as well.
A disaster is when a natural hazard clashes with humans and development. The Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster of December 26, 2004 will be discussed in this session.
(Source:http://homepage.mac.com/de mark/tsunami/2.html) Slide 1. 2, Introduction

(Source: http://sunsite.nus.edu.s g/asiasvc.html)

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course

The Setting Natural Environment I

Slide 1. 3, The Setting

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course

(Source:http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~small/ Pop/HypsoDemo/S.E.Asia.html)

The Setting Natural Environment II

To see significant ridges in the Indian Ocean: http://ace.acadiau.ca/science/geol/rr aeside/quizzes/worldmap3i.htm

Slide 1. 4, The Natural Hazard

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course

(Source: USGS)

The Natural Hazard What is a Tsunami?

To see a visual representation of tsunami generation, follow this weblink:
http://ffden2.phys.uaf.edu/645fall2003_web.dir/elena_su leimani/generation_small.mov

(Source:http://cse.ssl.berkeley.edu/lessons/indiv/davis/inprogress/QuakesEn g3.html) Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course

Slide 1. 5, The Natural Hazard

The Natural Hazard How it Happened

http://es.ucsc.edu/~ward/indo.mov http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/ world/04/tsunami/swf/tsunami.swf?pat h=/nol/shared/spl/hi/world/04/tsunami/ Use the links provided above to watch simulations of tsunamis. The tsunami of December 26, 2004 is believed to have been caused by a 9.0-9.3 magnitude earthquake, have a wave height of up to 10 meters, and inundated land up to 2 kilometers from the shoreline in some areas.
(Source: NOAA) Slide 1. 6, The Natural Hazard Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course

The Disaster Where it Happened

http://www.guardian.co.uk/flash/0, 5860,1380592,00.html Follow this link to see a NOAA slide show giving a timeline with places hit by the tsunami

(Source: www.reliefweb.int)

The tsunami struck a number of countries and took from 15 minutes to seven hours to reach the different coastlines.
Slide 1. 7, The Disaster (Source:http://edition.cnn.com/SPE CIALS/2004/tsunami.disaster/ ) Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course

The Disaster Human Loss

(Source: CNN; http://edition.cnn.co m/SPECIALS/2004/t sunami.disaster/)

Animation Example of run-up and its effects on the built environment: http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/645fall2003_web.dir/elena_suleimani/runup4.mov

This animation makes it possible to see how people and property could easily be swept out to the open ocean, with devastating effects.

Slide 1. 8, The Disaster

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course

The Disaster Property Loss

Before and after satellite images of the damage

Slide 1. 9, The Disaster

(Source: NASA Earth Observatory)

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course

The Disaster Economic Loss

The impact on coastal fishing communities and fishermen has been devastating with high losses of income earners as well as boats and fishing gear

(Source:http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2004/tsunami.disaster/)

The Sri Lankan Ministry of Labour and Employment has estimated that as many as 800,000 people lost their jobs due to the tsunami.
(Source: http://www.lonelyplanet.com/tsunami/srilanka.cfm) Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course

Slide 1. 10, The Disaster

The Setting Socio-Political Environment

(Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /Image:2004_Indian_Ocean_earth quake_-_affected_countries.png)

(Source:http://www.washcoll.edu/wc/news/pre ss_releases/images/tsunami_map.gif)

The countries most influenced by the tsunami include: Indonesia, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia, India, & Sri Lanka
Slide 1. 11, The Setting

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course

The Setting Built Environment

Supply of Hotels State 2003 177 83 128 191 79 274 2002 180 90 109 217 85 227 (%) Chan ge -1.7 -7.8 17.4 -12.0 -7.1 20.7 Supply of Rooms 2003 27,045 12,182 12,767 10,778 5,994 20,428 2002 26,917 11,910 11,972 12,136 6,803 14,850 (%) Chan ge 0.5 2.3 6.6 -11.2 -11.9 37.6

Kuala Lumpur Selangor Pulau Pinang Johor Melaka Pahang

Kedah
Perak Negeri Sembilan Terengganu Kelantan Perlis Labuan Sabah Sarawak

124
167 51 181 65 9 22 183 255

106
167 58 142 63 6 21 167 240

17.0
0.0 -12.1 27.5 3.2 50.0 4.8 9.6 6.3

10,435
7,685 4,479 6,913 2,834 389 931

9,631
7,527 4,722 5,903 2,564 318 964

8.3
2.1 -5.1 17.1 10.5 22.3 -3.4 6.8 5.0

Tourist Hotels contribute a large amount of development to the built environment in the coastal zones of the Indian Ocean, in sharp contrast with the housing available to residents in this very poor region. Tourism, along with agriculture and fishing are the major industries driving the economies of Southeast Asia.
(Source:http://tourism.gov.my/stat istic/hotels_rooms_supply.asp) Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course

May 10,580 1980 18, 9,904

10,940 10,421

Supply of hotels in the states of Malaysia

Slide 1. 12, The Setting

Recovery Efforts

(Source:http://www.washcoll.edu/wc/news/pre ss_releases/05_01_04_tsunami.html) (Source:http://www.npr.org/templates/story/s tory.php?storyId=4500992)

(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H umanitarian_response_to_th e_2004_Indian_Ocean_earth quake)

The plight of the many affected people and countries prompted a widespread humanitarian response
Slide 1. 13, Recovery Efforts Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course

Reconstruction Efforts I

Source:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/T sunamiAftermathNorthofPhuket_NASA.jpg)

Slide 1. 14, Reconstruction Efforts

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course

Reconstruction Efforts II

(Source:http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId =4500992)

(Source:http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0 ,,contentMDK:20525827~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~the SitePK:4607,00.html)

Slide 1. 15, Reconstruction Efforts

Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course