Molar Volume of Gas

Section 4.3 Pg. 169-171

The Evolution of Scientific Knowledge

This often involves integrating two or more concepts.

I.e. Boyles and Charles Laws were combined to create the Combined Gas Law

Similarly, Avogadros Theory and the Mole concept can also be combined:

Avogadro: Equal volumes of any gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of entities
Therefore, for all gases at a specific temperature and pressure, there must be a certain volume, the molar volume, that contains one mole of entities

Molar Volume: the volume that one mole of a gas occupies at a specified temperature and pressure

Molar Volume

STP = 22.4L/mol SATP = 24.8 L/mol

Molar volume is the same for all gases at the same temperature and pressure (remember, all gases have the same physical properties)

At STP, molar volume = 22.4 L/mol (101.325 kPa and 0C) At SATP, molar volume = 24.8 L/mol (100 kPa and 25C)

This can be used as a conversion factor just like molar mass!

At STP, one mole of gas has a volume of 22.4 L, which is approximately the volume of 11 empty 2 L pop bottles.

Molar Volume as a Conversion Factor

Chemists created the concept of molar volume to convert between volume and chemical amount
x

V
litres
x

1 mol xL

n
mol

xL
1 mol

Remember the conversion factor will be different at STP and SATP!

Molar Volume

Why are we dealing with molar volume instead of molar mass???

Its a lot easier to measure the volume of a gas than trying to measure its mass. You would have to trap the gas in a container and measure its mass on a balance and them make corrections for the buoyant force of the surrounding air . . . not easy

Molar Volume Practice

1.

STP = 22.4L/mol SATP = 24.8 L/mol

Calculate the volume occupied by 0.024 mol of carbon dioxide at SATP.

VCO2 : 0.024 mol x ( 24.8 L) 1 mol = 0.60 L

2.

What chemical amount of oxygen is available for a combustion reaction in a volume of 5.6 L at STP?
nO2 : 5.6 L x ( 1 mol ) = 0.25 mol 22.4 L

Molar Volume Practice

3.

STP = 22.4L/mol SATP = 24.8 L/mol

What volume does 3.50 g of helium gas (He) occupy at SATP?

nHe : 3.50 g x ( 1 mol ) 4.00 g = 0.875 mol

VHe : 0.875 mol x ( 24.8 L) = 21.7 L 1 mol

Once these calculations are clearly understood, they can be combined into a single calculation using unit analysis. All units except the final unit will cancel.

VHe : 3.50 g x ( 1 mol ) x ( 24.8 L) = 21.7 L 4.00 g 1 mol

Molar Volume Practice

4.

STP = 22.4L/mol SATP = 24.8 L/mol

A propane tank for a barbecue contains liquefied propane. IF the tank mass drops by 9.1 kg after a months use, what volume of propane gas at SATP was used for cooking?
Molar mass (M): C3H8(g) = 44.11 g/mol

V C3H8(g) : 9.1 kg x (1 mol ) x ( 24.8 L) = 5.1 kL 44.11g 1 mol

What if I wanted your answer in litres?

5.1 kL x 1000L 1 kL = 5100 L = 5.1 x 103 L

Summary
Molar volume: the volume that one mole of a gas occupies at a specified temperature and pressure

STP = 22.4L/mol SATP = 24.8 L/mol

Homework: pg. 171 #5 - 12