SEBI & MUTUAL FUNDS

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INDIAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM I) MBA-FA (SEM

INTRODUCTION

Mutual fund is a financial intermediary that pools the savings of investors for collective investment in a diversified portfolio of securities. As per SEBI Regulations,1996,Mutual Funds can be defined as a fund established in form of a trust to raise money through the sale of units to public or a section of public under one or more schemes for investing in securities, including money market instruments.

FURTHER..

The definition has been further extended by allowing mutual funds to diversify their activities in the following areas. Portfolio Management services Management of offshore services Providing advice to offshore funds Management of pension or provident funds Management of venture capital funds Management of money market funds

BENEFITS

Professional Management Portfolio Diversification Reduction in Transaction Costs Liquidity Convenience Flexibility Tax Benefits Transparency Stability to stock market

INTERMEDIARIES

There exists a wide range of intermediaries such as institutional agents, distribution companies national brokers, banks, finance companies, secondary market brokers and post. There are various kinds of investors and to cater to different type of investors, intermediaries offer following two level of services.

INTERMEDIARIES

Value added services- includes product information and advice on financial planning and investment strategies. The advice encompasses analyzing an investors financial goals. Basic services- includes providing basic information on schemes launched and assisting them in filing applications forms, submission of forms and cheques at the respective offices. They facilitate the paperwork related to investment.

NET ASSET VALUE

Net Asset value of a scheme reflects the performance of the scheme on a day to day basis. It is the amount which the shareholders will collectively get if the fund is dissolved or liquidated. NAV of a unit is the NAV of a fund divided by the number of outstanding units.

SEBI GUIDELINES FOR NAV

Net Asset Value is the market value of the assets of the scheme minus its liabilities.

According to SEBI (mutual funds, second amendment) Regulations, 2000, a mutual fund can invest up to 5% of its NAV in the unlisted equity shares or equity related instruments in case of open ended schemes; while in case of close ended schemes, mutual funds can now invest up to 10% of its NAV. Mutual funds are required to declare their NAV and sale repurchase prices of all schemes updated daily on a regular basis on the AMFI website by 8:00 pm and declare NAVs of their close ended schemes every Wednesday.

TYPES OF MUTUAL FUNDS

FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION PORTFOLIO CLASSIFICATION GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION OTHERS

FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION

OPEN ENDED SCHEMES

Continuous sale and purchase of units at NAV or NAV related values. No need of listing of these funds on stock exchange Investor can enter and exit the scheme any time during the life of the fund. Eg. UTIs US 64

CLOSE ENDED SCHEMES

Open for subscription only for specified period and have a fixed corpus. It remains open for investment only for a period not exceeding 45 days. Units need to be listed on stock exchange after the initial subscription. Can be converted to open ended scheme by passing a resolution by a majority of unit holders.

INTERVAL SCHEMES

Combines the features of Open and close ended schemes. Open for sale or redemption during predetermined interval.

PORTFOLIO CLASSIFICATION

INCOME FUNDS

Aims at safety of investment and regular income to investors. Such schemes invest in income bearing instruments like bonds, debentures, govt. securities and commercial papers. Aims at capital appreciation over medium to long term. Major investment in equity shares. No guarantee of return. Usually close ended and listed on stock exchange.

GROWTH FUNDS

PORTFOLIO CLASSIFICATION

BALANCED FUNDS

Aims to provide both capital appreciation and regular returns. Division of investments between equity shares and fixed interest bearing instruments.

MONEY MARKET MUTUAL FUNDS

Aims to provide liquidity with low rate of return. Major investment in short term money market instruments like treasury bills and certificates of deposit.

GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION

DOMESTIC FUNDS

These funds mobilize resources from particular geographical locality. Market is limited and confined to boundaries of the nation in which fund operates.

OFFSHORE FUNDS

They open domestic capital market for foreign investment. Eg :India fund was launched in July 1986 by UTI in collaboration with US Merrill Lynch.

OTHERS

SECTORAL FUNDS

Investment in specific core sectors like energy, telecom, IT, construction, transportation.

TAX SAVING SCHEMES

These are close ended schemes with investments made for 10 years although investors can avail encashment facilities after 3 years.

RISKS IN MUTUAL FUNDS

Mutual Fund investments are not free from risk. Equity-oriented mutual fund schemes are risky as their returns are market-linked. There are wide variety of Equity schemes such as diversified Equity schemes Index funds Sectoral schemes Equity-linked savings schemes

DISADVANTAGES

Fluctuating Returns Diversification / Diworsification Cash, Cash and More Cash Costs Misleading Advertisements Evaluating Funds

INVESTORS

Resident Indian individual Indian companies Indian trust/charitable institution Banks Non banking finance corporation Insurance companies Provident funds Non resident & Foreign entities

SPONSER TO ASSET MANAGEMENT CO.

Sponsor , mutual fund trust and AMC are involved in setting up of mutual funds. They are assisted by independent administrative entities like banks, registrars, transfer agents & custodians. Sponsor means any person who acting alone or with other corporate body establishes a mutual funds. He gets the fund registered with SEBI.

SEBI GUIDELINES FOR SPONSOR TO AN ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY

The sponsor should have a soundtrack record. Sponsor should have been doing business in financial services for not less than 5 years with positive net worth in all the immediately preceding 5 years. Sponsors, director or any principal officer should not have been found guilty of fraud or convicted of an offence involving moral & economic turpitude.

MUTUAL FUND AS TRUSTS

Mutual fund in India is constituted in the form of a public trust created under the Indian trust act of 1882. Sponsor forms the trust and registers it with SEBI and contributes to its initial capital and appoints trustees. Investors are invited to contribute their money in the common pool by subscribing to units.

SEBI GUIDELINES FOR TRUSTEES OF A MUTUAL FUND

According to new SEBI regulations, at least two thirds of the trustees, on Board of Trustees must be independent meaning that they should not be associated with the sponsors. He/she can not be trustee of any other mutual fund. The trustees appoint the AMC with the prior approval of the SEBI.

ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY

AMC is a company formed and registered under the companies act, 1956, to manage the affairs of mutual fund and operate the schemes of mutual funds.

OBLIGATIONS OF AN AMC

The AMC shall take all the reasonable steps and exercises. The AMC shall exercise due diligence and care in all investments. An AMC shall submit to the trustees quarterly reports. The trustees at the request of an AMC can terminate the assignments of the AMC An AMC shall not deal in securities through any broker.

SEBI (MUTUAL FUND) REGULATIONS, 1996

All the schemes to be launched by the AMC need to be approved by the trustees The offer documents shall contain adequate disclosures to enable. Advertisements in respect of schemes should be in conformity with the SEBI The listing of close ended schemes is mandatory and every close ended scheme Units of a close ended scheme can be

Units of close ended scheme can also be converted in open ended. Units of close ended scheme may be rolled over by passing No scheme other than the unit linked scheme can be opened The AMC must specify in the offer document about the minimum. The AMC must refund the application Guaranteed returns can be provided

MUTUAL FUNDS IN PRIMARY & CAPITAL MARKET funds in India were set First mutual

up in 1964 as UNIT TRUST OF INDIA under an act of parliament. In 1987, During 1987-92, seven new mutual funds mere established in the public sector. A change in govt. policy in 1993 led to entry of private corporate and foreign institutional investors into mutual fund segment, taking the tally of mutual funds to 37 by endmarch 2004.

Currently, the worldwide value of all mutual funds totals more than $26 trillion Union budget for 1999-2000 announced several tax incentives for mutual fund investors. The tax concessions were offered in the equity oriented schemes The Indian capital market is getting institutionalized as investors after incurring losses by directly investing in the primary market are preferring

SEBI GUIDELINES RELATED TO MUTUAL FUND

Disclosure of their entire portfolio on a half-yearly basis should be done according to a prescribed format along with this, mutual fund schemes are required to disclose the various types of instruments and percentage of investment in each scrip. Mutual funds have been directed to fully revise and update offer document and memorandum at least once in two years.

Mutual funds are also requested to carry out the following:

Bring uniformity in disclosures of various categories of advertisement. Reduce initial offer period from a maximum of 45 days to 30 days.

Dispatch statement of account once the minimum subscription amount specified in the offer document is received even before the closure of the issue.

All the mutual fund schemes shall be launched within six months from the date of the letter containing observations from SEBI on the scheme offer document. Otherwise, a fresh offer document along with filing fees shall be filed with SEBI. Mutual funds care requested to disclose large unit holdings in the scheme, which are 25 percent of the NAV.

SEBI(MUTUAL FUND) AMENDMENT REG., 2003

CEO are required to ensure mutual fund compliance as per the regulations and the fund managers are required to ensure investment as per the objective of the scheme and interest of unit holders. The time validity of transactions by employees of AMCs and Mutual fund trust companies has been cut down to one week and the time limit for purchase and sale has been reduced to 30 days.

Norms to check the abuse of mutual fund vehicle by large corporate investors for tax benefits were issued in November 2003. the new norms stipulate that each mutual fund scheme should have at least 20 investors and no single investor should hold more than 25 % of the total corpus of the scheme. SEBI is working on a proposal making it mandaotory for mutual funds to allocate units to investors on NAVs at

RETURNS FROM MUTUAL FUNDS

Dividends Tax free in hands of investors Capital appreciation

Equity oriented schemes:

Holding period less than 12 months- short term capital gains tax of 10%. Holding period more than 12 months- no long term capital gains tax but security transaction tax. Short term capital gains added to total income and taxed at the appreciable rate of tax for the individual.. In case of long term capital gains, the investor has a choice of selecting the rate of 10% flat

Debt-oriented schemes:

CONCLUSION

Extreme potential of growth of mutual funds India. The assets under management rose to Rs 3,26,388 crore in March 2007 from Rs 80,000 crore in march 2007 Almost 30 AMCs are competing for space in mutual fund industry here assets under Management (AUM) are over Rs. 3.3 lakh crore. Mutual funds need to develop a wide distribution network to increase its

Industry has to bring innovative concepts like high yielding bonds, principal protected funds, long short funds, arbitrate funds, dynamic funds and precious metal funds. There is a need to educate investors about risk adjusted return and total port folio return to enable them to make an informed decision. When you buy any investment, it's important to understand both the good and bad points. If the

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