Example 9.

1 PCI Bridge Design Manual

Noncomposite Adjacent Box Girder Simple Span Standard Specifications

Connection of Beams

Shear Key

9.1.2 Material Properties (1)

Concrete f'ci = 4,000 psi = 4.0 ksi f'c = 5,000 psi = 5.0 ksi wc = 150 pcf = 0.150 kcf
The AASHTO Standard Specifications require a pretensioned member to be designed at 5000 psi (6000 psi at the discretion of the engineer).

9.1.2 Material Properties (2)

Strand 0.5-in., seven wire low relaxation; fpu = 270 ksi; fpi = 0.75fpu = 202.5 ksi Es = 28,500 ksi Nonprestressed Steel fsy = 60 ksi Es = 29,000 ksi

9.1.3 Cross-Section Properties (1)

A = 813 in.2 yb = 19.29 in. yt = 19.71 in.

I = 168,367 in.4 Sb = 8,728 in.3 St = 8,542 in.3

9.1.3 Cross-Section Properties (2)

Modulus of elasticity is needed for various calculations:

At release Eci = 33,000 (0.150)1.5 (4.0)1/2 = 3,834 ksi

At 28 days Ec = 33,000 (0.150)1.5 (5.0)1/2 = 4,287 ksi

9.1.4.1.1 Dead Loads per Girder

Beam self weight = 0.847 kip/ft Diaphragm weight = 0.73 kip/diaphragm at pts) Barrier weight = 0.086 kip/ft Wearing surface = 0.134 kip/ft

Shear and Moment at h/2

Compute Vci: Vci=0.6(fc)1/2bd+Vd+(ViMcr)/Mmax
Vd = 50.0 kips = shear due to dead loads

VLL+I = 32.7 kips = shear due to live loads

Md = 82.8 ft-kips = moment due to dead loads

MLL+I = 53.2 ft-kips = moment due to live load

Vu = 136.0 kips = factored shear force

Strand Pattern-Midspan (Fig 9.1.5.4-1)

Whats with the 2 at the top?? Discussed later! Pattern is symmetrical must be or beam bends sideways!

Strand Pattern-Beam End (Fig. 9.1.8.2-1)

Debond 7 strands in bottom row for 5 ft.

PATTERN STAYS SYMMETRICAL

Strand is covered with teflon to prevent bonding.

DEBONDED STRAND

9.1.11 Shear Design

Members should be designed such that Vu < f(Vc + Vs) Critical section is h/2 from face of support Shear forces at this section are given in Table 9.1.4.2.4-1 In reinforced concrete, ACI and AASHTO use d from face of support, but in prestressed concrete, d often varies due to debonding and/or harping. Thus, h/2 is used.

9.1.11 Shear Design

Compute Vci: Vci=0.6(fc)1/2bd+Vd+(ViMcr)/Mmax

9.1.11 Shear Design

Mu = 223.1 ft-kips factored moment Vmu = 136.0 kips factored shear force occurring with the factored moment Mmax = 140.3 ft-kips = Mu - Md Vi = 86.0 kips = Vmu - Vd fpe = Pse/A + (Pseec)/Sb e = eccentricity at h/2 = 13.96 in. Pse = 24(0.153)(171.6) = 630.1 kips fpe = 1.783 ksi

9.1.11 Shear Design

fd = Md/Sb = (82.8(12))/8,728 = 0.114 ksi

Mcr = (6(fc)1/2+fpe-fd)Sb = (((6(5000)1/2)/1000)+1.783-0.114) (8,728/12) =

1,522.5 ft-kips

9.1.11 Shear Design (4)

d = 39.0-5.33 = 33.67 in. > 0.8(h) = 31.20 in., therefore d = 33.67 in. Vci = 0.6(5000)1/2(10)(33.67)+50.0+((86.0(1,522.5)) 1000 140.3 = 997.5 kips
Is Vci > minimum Vci ? minimum Vci = 1.7(fc)1/2 bd = (1.7(5000)1/2)/1000)(10)(33.67) = 40.5 kips < Vci = 997.5 kips OK

9.1.11 Shear Design

Compute Vcw Vcw = (3.5(fc)1/2+0.3fpc)bd+Vp fpc = Pse/A = 630.1/813 = 0.775 ksi Vp = 0 for straight strands Vcw = (((3.5(5000)1/2)/1000)+0.3(0.775))(10)(33.67) +0 = 161.6 kips

9.1.11 Shear Design (5)

Vc = 161.6 kips (lesser of Vci and Vcw) Vu = 136.0 < fVc = 0.9(161.6) = 145.4 kips Since Vc>Vu the concrete resists the total shear and shear steel is not required to assist in resisting Vu. Therefore provide min. reinforcement.

300

phi Vci
Shear k
200 100

phi Vcw

Vu
0 0 10 20 30 40 Length (ft.)

Graph of Vu and concrete shear strengths

9.1.11 Shear Design (6)

Minimum shear reinforcement Av-min = (50bs)/fy = minimum area of web reinforcement Set s = 12 in. Av-min = 50(10)(12) 60,000 = 0.10 in.2 (per foot) Maximum spacing = 0.75h = 0.75(39) = 29.25 in. use 24.0 in.
Use #4 at 24 in. spacing in each web (Av = 0.20 in.2/ft)