Breastfeeding is defined as the

extent of the understanding

conveyed about lactation and
nourishment of an infant through
breast feeding.
Breast milk is in the acinar or
alveolar cells of the mammary
glands. With the delivery of the
placenta, the level of the
progesterone in a mother’s body falls
dramatically, stimulating the
production of prolactin, an anterior
pituitary hormone. Prolactin acts on
the acinar cells of the mammary
glands to stimulate the production of
milk. In addition, when an infant
sucks at a breast, nerve impulses
travel from the nipple to the
Colostrum, a thin,
watery, yellow fluid
composed of
protein, sugar, fat,
water, minerals,
vitamins and
maternal
antibodies, is
secreted by the
acinar breast cells
starting in the
fourth month of
pregnancy.
For the first 3-4 days after birth,
colostrums production continues.
Because it is high in protein and fairly
low in sugar and fat, colostrums is easy
to digest. It is capable of providing
totally adequate nutrition for a
newborn until it is replaced by
transitional breast milk on the second
to fourth day. True or mature breast
milk is produced by the 10th day.
Fore milk – lactiferous sinuses found behind
the nipple and availability depends on the
baby’s sucking.
Let down reflex - when the collecting
sinuses of the mammary gland contracts
forcing milk forward.
Hind milk – is formed after the let down
reflex and is higher in fat than fore milk and
it is the milk that makes breast-fed infant
grows most rapidly.
A mother's milk has just the right amount
of fat, sugar, water and protein that is
needed for a baby's growth and
development. Many of the ingredients of
breast milk are not found in cow's milk.
Most babies find it easier to digest breast
milk than they do formula. The proportion
of protein in mother's milk is lower than in
cow's milk, making it more digestible. The
protein that is present is more nutritious
and digestible that the major protein
component of cow's milk. The mother's fat
is also more easily broken down . Infants
also have an easier time absorbing the
Breast milk has agents (called
antibodies) in it to help protect
infants from bacteria and viruses and
to help them in fighting off infection
and disease. Breastfed babies are
less subject to lower respiratory
infections, urinary tract infections,
ear infections and septicemia.
Virtually no baby is allergic to breast
milk, while certain substances in
cow's milk can trigger allergic
responses.
Human milk straight from the breast
is always sterile, never improperly
prepared, contaminated or spoiled.
Breastfeeding saves time and
money. You do not have to
purchase, measure and mix
formula, and there are no bottles
to warm in the middle of the
night.
Breastfeeding also helps a
mother bond with her baby.
Physical contact is important to
newborns and can help them feel
more secure, warm and
comforted.
Nursing uses up extra calories,
making it easier to lose the
pounds gained from pregnancy. It
also helps the uterus to get back
to its original size more quickly
and lessens any bleeding a
woman may have after giving
birth.
Breastfeeding may lower the risk
of breast and ovarian cancer.
Nursed babies are healthier. The
rates of constipation and
diarrhea are lower in breast-fed
children. Also, breastfeeding is
less likely to cause overweight
infants or obese children later in
life.
Breastfeeding is convenient for
the mother. It requires no
planning, packing or equipment.
It is always available, and at just
the right temperature.
Proper attachment of an infant to and
sucking from the mother’s breast for
nourishment during the first 2-3 weeks.
Proper alignment, latching on, arealor
grasp, areolar compression and correct
sucking and tongue placement.
Audible swallowing a minimum of 5-10
minutes per breast with at least eight
feedings per day.
At least six voiding per day with the
passage of two or more lose, yellow
seedy stools per day
Age-appropriate weight gain
Contentment after feeding.
Is the proper attachment of an infant to
and sucking from the breast for
nourishment during the first 2 to 3
weeks.
Position of comfort during feeding with
support of breasts
Identification of breast fullness before
feeding
Technique for let-down reflex
Absence of nipple tenderness
Avoiding use of artificial nipple, and
not giving water
Supplementation appropriate to
infant’s age and health status
Ability to recognize infant hunger
cues
Appropriate techniques for hand or
pump expression and proper storage
Satisfaction with breast-feeding.
Process of continuing breast feeding.
Mother’s freedom from breast
tenderness
Mother’s ability to recognize signs of
decreasing milk supply, plugged ducts,
and mastitis.
Safe storage of breast milk
Assisting the parents to know the
arousal cues of the infant
Monitoring infants ability to suck
Monitoring proper positioning of both
maternal and child
Instructing the mother on nipple are,
use of breast pump if indicated,
using comfortable bras and methods
for burping infant.
an infant with galactosemia (such
infants cannot digest the lactose in
milk)
herpes lesions on a mother’s nipples
Maternal diet is nutrient restricted,
preventing quality milk production
Maternal medications that are
inappropriate for breast-feeding like
lithium.
Maternal exposure to radioactive
compounds (ex. During thyroid
Breast-feeding may serve a
protective function in preventing
breast cancer.
The release of oxytocin from the
posterior pituitary gland aids in
uterine involution.
Successful breast-feeding can have
an n empowering effect, because it is
a skill only a woman can master.
Breast-feeding provides an excellent
opportunity to enhance a true
symbiotic bond between mother and
child. Although this does occur
readily with breast-feeding, a woman
who holds her baby to bottle fed can
form this bond as well.
Intakes immunoglobulin A which binds
large molecules of foreign proteins,
including viruses and bacteria keeping
them from being absorbed.
Intake of lactoferrin which is an iron-
binding protein in breast milk that
interferes with growth of pathogenic
bacteria.
Bifidus factor – growth – promoting
factor for beneficial
bacteria(lactobacillus bifidus)
And some more proteins that
contributes to growth.
Breast milk contains more linoleic acid;
an essential fatty acid for skin integrity
and less sodium, potassium, calcium,
and phosphorus than do many
formulas.
Calcium regulation preventing muscle
spasm
One disadvantage of breast milk is that
it may carry microorganisma such as
hepa B and cytomegalovirus which
belongs to the herpes family.
Support the breast by pressing
thumb and forefinger in the sides of
the areola until secretion is flowing
therefore preparing the nipple for
sucking.
Breast massage basically helping the
flow of milk to nipple
Clean breasts properly by not using
soap while pregnant because soap
tends to dry the nipple of the mother
and therefore may result to cracking
and distress.
Lips of the infant clamp in a c –
shape. The cheek muscles contract.
The tongue thrusts forward to grasp
nipple and areola
The nipple is brought against the
hard palate as the tongue pulls
backward, bringing the areola into
the mouth.
The gums compress the areola,
squeezing milk into the back of the
1. The large rubber nipple of a bottle
strikes the soft palate and
interferes with the action of the
tongue. The tongue moves
forwards against the gums to
control the overflow of milk into
the esophagus.
NURSING PROCEDURE: PRINCIPLE
explanations help decrease anxiety
2. Explain the procedure to the client. and enhance learning they also
provide information for the client to
carry out the procedure

assembling equipment aids in

2. Assemble equipment, including a clean organization and efficiency
towel and collecting container.
hand washing prevents the
3. Wash your hands and put on clean gloves; transmission of infection; us of
have client wash her hands. gloves protects self and client from
possible contamination

the let-down reflex may not occur

4 Provide privacy and place the woman in a readily if the woman is tense or
comfortable sitting position. nervous
Milk is expressed by pressure on the
5. Instruct the woman to place her right hand collecting ducts not the nipple.
on her right breast. Tell the woman to
press inward toward the chest wall.
 Collecting bottles should be made of
6 Help the woman hold the collecting jar plastic to preserve antibodies found milk;
just under her nipple. having the container closed prevents
waste of any breast milk that is expressed.
Pressure on the lactiferous sinuses pushed
7. Have the woman slide her hand milk forward.
forward in a milking motion, causing the
milk to be expressed from the nipple to
the bottle.
8. have the woman move her thumb and Repeating the technique ensures that all
fingers around her breast, repeating the milk sinuses are emptied
technique

9. Caution the woman not to use excess Excess force will damage sensitive breast
force. tissue

Breast milk spoils in the same manner as

10. After collection, refrigerate milk, it
will be used within 24 hours, freeze if this
time is longer.
11. Reinforce the woman’s success with
this maneuver regardless of the amount
of breast milk expressed.
cow’s milk of not protected.
Manual breast milk expression is an easy
technique to carry out once it is learned
but it can be difficult to grasp at first.
Positive reinforcement enhance progress
and self esteem
should begin as soon after birth as
possible, ideally while the woman is still
in the birthing room and while the
infant is in the first reactivity period.
-however, if the mother is fatigued with
this procedure and extremely modest,
trying to learn this new skill at this time
may only convince her that breast-
feeding is not for her.
-breasts refill, so a woman should
always place her infant first at the
breast at which the infant fed last in
the previous feeding, to help ensure
that each breast is completely
emptied at every other feeding.
-because it takes less energy for an
infant to suck at a bottle that at a
breast-fed infants bottles until about
6 weeks of age, after they are
thoroughly accustomed to breast-
feeding. This may apply to pacifiers
as well.
Basically the nursing procedures
point out relaxation of the mother
and ensure proper timing which
regards to when the baby is hungry
and procedure in breast feeding.
A woman can
lie down by
her side with a
pillow under
her head to
relieve both
the baby and
the mother
from fatigue.
 The traditional
and most used
technique which
is the mother is
sitting down while
supporting the
baby in a supine
position or also
called the football
hold wherein it is
usually used in C-
sectioned
Brushing the infant’s cheek with
the nipple initiates the baby’s
rooting reflex and therefore making
the baby turn its head toward the
nipple of the mother.
Always keep in mind the breathing
of the baby to avoid any
discomfort or problems.
An advantage of frequent
breast-feeding is that feeding
frequently makes the breast
empty faster and also makes
filling of the breast faster too.
Teach the mother to slip her finger on
the side of the baby’s lip when the
baby sucks too hard because it might
cause soreness to the mothers nipple
and areola.
Reminder for multiple breast feeding is
just adequate fluid in ratio of the no. of
babies.
Engorgement – nipple tenderness;
which may cause the baby to have a
difficult time to grasp the nipple.
Burping is
important, placing
the baby on the
shoulder and
tapping the back
of the baby would
help the baby
burp. But the
position to use is
for the baby to sit
on your lap with
support and
making him lean
forward and while
Improper positioning of an infant
(failure to grasp the areola as well as
the nipple)
Forcefully pulling an infant from the
breast
Allowing an infant to suck too long at a
breast after the breast is emptied
Permitting a nipple to remain wet from
leaking milk
POSITIONS FOR BREASTFEEDING and NUTRITION