TRANSMISSION OF VIRUS IN DENTAL OFFICE

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION TYPES OF VIRUS- GENERAL CLASSSIFICATION COMMOMNLY TRANSMITTED VIRUS IN DENTAL OFFICE MODES OF TRANMISSION STANDARD PRECAUTION NOTE: FIRST AID IN CASE OF EXPOSURE CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
About virus:

A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of an organism.

TYPES OF VIRUS
General Classification

Based on the genetic material within virus particles, and the method by which the material is replicated 1. DNA Viruses
Example: herpes virales Example: Influenza, SARS, Hepatitis C Example: HIV, Hepatitis B

2. RNA Viruses 3. Reverse Transcribing Viruses

COMMOMNLY TRANSMITTED VIRUS IN DENTAL OFFICE

Hepatitis Viruses
Hepatitis : B,C, D ( HBV is more common)

HIV

Herpes Viruses
Herpes simplex virus- 1,2

Respiratory Viral Infections

Caused mainly due to : Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Influenza A,B Adenovirus

PRIMARY MODES OF TRANSMISSION

Direct contact:

Touching or contact with the patients blood or other body fluids

Indirect contact:
Touching or contact with a contaminated surface or instrument

Parenteral transmission:

Needle stick injuries, human bites, cuts, abrasions, or any break in the skin

Airborne Transmission
Can cause infection that occurs through mucosal surfaces of the eyes, nose, or mouth During coughs or sneezes Aerosols, sprays, and spatter that are generated during dental treatment

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
Wash hands before and after every patient
Wear gloves when touching blood, body fluids, secretions,and contaminated items

 Wear

a mask and eye protection, or a face shield, during procedures likely to generate splashes or sprays

Use care when handling sharps

Carefully handle contaminated patient care items to prevent the transfer of microorganisms to people or equipment

Limit aerosol contamination by Proper patient positioning Use of high volume evacuation Use of rubber dam

Immunizations to be taken by DENTIST and other health care personnel Hepatitis B Influenza Measles Mumps Rubella Varicella-zoster

Applying First Aid after an Exposure Incident

1 Stop operations immediately. 2 Remove your gloves. 3 If the area of broken skin is bleeding, gently squeeze the site to see a small amount of visible blood. 4 Wash your hands thoroughly, using antimicrobial soap and warm water. 5 Dry your hands. 6 Apply a small amount of antiseptic to the affected area. Note: Do not apply caustic agents such as bleach or disinfectant solutions to the wound. 7 Apply an adhesive bandage to the area.

CONCLUSION
The risk of occupationally related blood borne viral infection from patient to dentist or vice versa is becoming low after the introduction of universal precautions and hepatitis B immunization by the dental professional. So as the saying goes PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE

herpetic whitlow is a lesion (whitlow) on a finger or thumb caused by the herpes simplex virus. It is a painful infection that typically affects the fingers or thumbs. Occasionally infection occurs on the toes or on the nail cuticle. Herpes whitlow can be caused by infection by HSV-1 or HSV-2.[1] HSV-1 whitlow is often contracted by health care workers that come in contact with the virus; it is most commonly contracted by dental workers and medical workers exposed to oral secretions

Skin is made up of three layers. The outermost is the epidermis. This consists mainly of cells called keratinocytes, made from the tough protein keratin (also the material in hair and nails). Keratinocytes form several layers that constantly grow outwards as the exterior cells die and flake off. It takes roughly five weeks for newly created cells to work their way to the surface. This covering of dead skin is known as the stratum corneum, or horny layer, and its thickness varies considerably, being more than ten times thicker on the soles of the feet than around the eyes. The epidermis harbors defensive Langerhans cells, which alert the body's immune system to viruses and other infectious agents.

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