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Instrumentation Training Program

SAFETY & PRESSURE RELIEVING DEVICES

SAFETY OR PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES ARE USED FOR PROTECTION OF LINES AND EQUIPMENTS IN CLOSED PRESSURISED SYSTEM AGAINST OVER- PRESSURE. Causes of Over Pressure :

Blocked Discharge. Cooling water failure Failure of upstream equipment Expansion due to external heat source Thermal stresses.

Each equipment is designed keeping in mind that the working pressure never exceeds the Maximum Allowable working pressure. Safety or pressure relief devices ensure the same by opening/bursting and relieving the excess pressure into a closed system or atmosphere.
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Instrumentation Training Program

SAFETY & PRESSURE RELIEVING DEVICES (Cont.)

Safety devices are basically of two types :

self closing type Spring loaded Safety or pressure relief devices * Non closing type Rupture Discs. Operational characteristics vis-vis system and device pressure is given in Figure 3 enclosed *
Safety valves: These are spring loaded pressure relieving devices , designed to provide full opening with minimum overpressure. The valves are designed to open rapidly in POP action and when the operating pressure falls to below the set pressure by a pre set margin the valve reseats.

Relief Valves: These devices are similar to safety valve except that they are designed for liquid service and display proportional lift against POP action.

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SAFETY & PRESSURE RELIEVING DEVICES (Cont.)

Type of Pressure Relief valves : * Conventional used primarily when the valve discharges to open atmosphere or into a low pressure closed system having negligible effect on the operation of the valve. Conventional valves are used when the back pressure is either constant or variable but within 10 % of set pressure. *Balanced - used when the valve discharges to closed system with variable pressure. This type of valve incorporates means of reducing the effect of back pressure such as Bellows.
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SAFETY & PRESSURE RELIEVING DEVICES (Cont.)

operated. These valves are a combination of Piston operated main valve operated through an external pilot. These valves are used when the operating pressure is very close to the set pressure or the back pressure is very high compared to set pressure (more than 90 %)
Pilot

Rupture Discs: Rupture discs are non closing devices which burst when the pre assigned pressure is reached. A rupture disc assembly generally consist of a Disc, enclosed with in a pair of disc holder which can be mounted between line flanges and a tell tale assembly comprising of a pressure gauge or pressure switch for detection of disc rupture or failure. These devices can be used as standalone pressure relieving devices or in combination with pressure relieving valves where they are installed upstream of the valve
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SAFETY & PRESSURE RELIEVING DEVICES (Cont.)

Rupture Discs (Cont.): Rupture discs can also be used for isolating the congealing, toxic or corrosive fluids from The pressure relief valves when used in combination with them. Types of Rupture disc assemblies: Many type of rupture disc assemblies are available Plain, Scored type, knife edge type, Reverse buckling type etc. but Scored reverse buckling type is preffered as it is immune to metal fatigue and does not produce fragments on bursting.
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SAFETY & PRESSURE RELIEVING DEVICES (Cont.)

Governing Codes and Standards:

API RP 520 Sizing Selection and Installation of Pressure Relieving devices. API 526 Flanged Steel Safety Relief Valves. API 527 Seat tightness of Pressure Relief valves ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Sec I and Sec VIII. IBR regulations
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SAFETY VALVE SIZING

Procedure for safety valve sizing Step :1 Selection of valve type based on Service Process data and sizing code. Step : 2 Calculation of minimum area based on formulas as per selected code. Step:3 Selection of number of valves based on Minimum required area, Standard valve and pressure temp rating available for that given size.
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SAFETY VALVE SIZING (Cont.)

Sizing of safety valves will be covered in class room lectures. However following salient features should be noted. For multi phase relieving requirement, areas of each phase is calculated separately and these are added to the final area.

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If API assigned discharge coefficients are used then for valve selection API designations and API area needs to be considered. If ASME certified coefficients are used then manufacturers effective orifice area can be used.

In case rupture disc assembly is installed upstream of safety valve, the valve area needs to be de-rated by a factor 0.90

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SAFETY VALVE SIZING (Cont.)

Special requirements of steam Boiler / Generator :

Valves certifies for the IBR/ ASME Sec I requirements only to be used. Valves to be conventional type , with open bonnet and provided with lifting lever Over pressure requirements as per the governing code to be followed. In case of multiple valves each valve shall be provided with individual Vessel nozzle. Vessel nozzle ID shall be equal to or more than the Valve nozzle ID.
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Instrumentation Training Program

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