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GROUP 2 CATIONS
(Pb2+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Bi3+, Sb3+, Cd2+, As3+, Sn4+)
can be separated from mixture byare form S2- precipitates that become precipitates in acidic adding in acidic solution hydrogen + insoluble in o.3M [H ] sulfide, H2S,as obtained fromsulfide hydrolysis solutions insoluble solutions of thioacetamide, CH3CSNH2: salts
2Bi3+ + 3H2S Bi 2S 3 + 6H +
dark brown/black
Hg2+
+ H2S HgS +
black
2H +
2As3+ + 3H2S As 2S 3 + 6H +
yellow
Cu2+
+ H2S CuS +
black
2H +
3Sb3+ + 3H2S Sb 2S 3 + 6H +
orange red
Group 2 Cations are further subdivided based on the reaction of their sulfide precipitate with excess S2-.
React with excess S2-, form soluble complex sulfides Remain precipitates in presence of excess S2-
5. Add 10 drops 5% thioacetamide, CH3CSNH2, solution, which would make the solutions H+ concentration 0.3M. 6. Heat test tube in water bath for 10 minutes. 7. Add 1 mL H2O and heat for 5 minutes. 8. Centrifuge. Save the centrifugate for later analysis. 9. Wash precipitate with 10 drops 0.1M HCl twice. Stir with glass rod, centrifuge and decant. 10. Add 10 drops of wash solution to original centrifuge and discard the rest of the wash solution.
5. Transfer solution to evaporating dish. 6. Add 5 drops 4M H2SO4. 7. Evaporate solution under hood until white SO2 fumes appear. 8. Cool and add 1mL H2O. 9. Warm solution then stir precipitates. 10. Centrifuge and decant. Save centrifuge for later. 11. Wash residue with a few drops of H2O. Discard wash solution. 12. Add 5 drops 1M ammonium acetate and 1 drop 1M acetic acid.
13. Add 1 drop 1M K2CrO4. Scratch the inside wall of test tube with glass rod.
5. Add 2 drops thioacetamide solution. 6. Heat in water bath. 7. If a yellow or olive-green precipitate forms, cadmium is present in the solution. If not, then test another sample from IV for Cu2+ but do not add KCN.