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1. What is the t-test for correlated samples?
Where = the mean difference between the pretest and the posttest.
= the sum of the squares of the difference between the pretest and the posttest. = the summation of the difference between the pretest and the posttest n = the sample size
Example 1
An experimental study was conducted on the effect of programmed materials in English on the performance of 20 selected college students. Before the program was implemented the pretest was administered and after 5 months the same instrument was used to get the posttest result. The following is the result of the experiment.
Pretest
Posttest
X1 20 30
X2 25 35
D=X1-X2 -5 -5
D 25 25
10
15 20
25
25 20
-15
-10 0
225
100 0
10
18 14 15 20 18 15
20
22 20 20 15 30 10
-10
-4 -6 -5 5 -12 5
100
16 36 25 25 144 25
15
16
20 18 40 10
25 10 45 15
-5 8 -5 -5
25 64 25 25
10
12 20
10
18 25
0
-6 -5
0
36 25
D = -81
D2 = 947
5. What are the steps in solving the t-test for correlated samples?
Subtract the difference between the two observations before and after the treatment.
Find the summation of the difference algebraically D (consider the + and sign)
D Compute the mean difference, ---------- . n Square the difference between the before and after observation and get the summation that is D2
d. Statistics: t-test for correlated samples e. Decision Rule: If the t-computed value is greater than or beyond the critical value, disconfirm H0. f. Conclusion: The t-computed value of -3.17 is beyond the tcritical value of -1.73 at .05 level of significance with 19 degrees of freedom. The null hypothesis is therefore disconfirmed in favor of the research hypothesis. This means that the posttest result is higher than the pretest result. It implies that the use of the programmed materials in English is effective.