CE-200 DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION

Plastering and Pointing

PLASTERING

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Definition: process of covering rough surfaces with a plastic material to obtain an even, smooth, regular, clean and durable surface is termed as plastering Objective: It protects exposed surface It conceals interior materials and defective workmanship It develops decorative effect or to improve the appearance

PLASTERING

MATERIALS USED FOR PLASTERING

Plaster

is made by a mixture of binding materials (cement, lime or clay), fine aggregates (usually sand) and water (with a proportion) Certain additives are sometimes added to improve its adhesiveness, durability and brightness Sand normally forms the greatest proportion of the constituents of a plaster. It controls the shrinkage, porosity, strength, and adhesive properties of plaster.

 Fine

sand is often recommended for plastering and it should be so graded that it does not pass by more than 5% through a sieve of #100 (B.S.) Sand used should be clean, sharp and free from deleterious matter Water used should be clean and fit for drinking purposes Depending on the availability of the materials, the choice of plaster for any particular location, is governed by the rainfall, weather conditions and the finish desired.

PREPARATION OF SURFACE FOR PLASTER

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All the projections which extend by more than 13 mm from the general surface of the masonry wall face are knocked off to obtain a uniform surface. In order to obtain a good key for the plaster with the wall surface, all the joints in the masonry are raked out for a depth of at least 13mm

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Dust, loose mortar, oily greasy spots, efflorescence etc. are removed by brushing and scraping In case of old walls, the smoothness of the surface is destroyed by hacking it with some tool. Then it is thoroughly washed with water and kept wet before plastering begins

PROCESS OF PLASTERING
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Patches of plaster 15cm15cm are first applied horizontally and vertically at about 1.8m apart over the entire surface Mortar is then applied on the wall between the patches with a trowel -The surface of the patches of plaster is known as screed. - mortar is applied on the wall between the screed with trowel

TYPES OF PLASTERING
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Lime plastering Cement plastering Mud plastering Stucco plastering Lime plastering: Lime used for plastering are fat lime and slaked lime

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Fat lime makes best plaster as they yield good putty after slaking Hydraulic lime yields harder and stronger plaster but it may contain some unslaked particles which may slake slowly (may be in 8 to 12 months) on absorbing moisture from atmosphere and damage the plastering by forming blister Mortar for lime plaster is prepared by mixing sand and lime in equal proportions

Cement is sometimes added in small quantity to improve strength Gugal (a kind of fragrant gum) and chopped hemp are sometimes added at the rate of 4.5kg and 2.7kg respectively to every 2.83cu.m of mortar. This treatment prevent the formation of cracks in plaster on drying

APPLICATION OF LIME PLASTER

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For 1-brick thick wall, 13mm thick plaster on plain side and 16mm thick plaster on the rough side is usually provided In case of rubble masonry 19mm thick plaster is provided Plaster may be applied in one, two or three coats One coat uniform thickness, slightly more than the specified thickness

- beaten with bamboo to required thickness - cured for at least 7 days Two coat - first and second coats are about 6 to 10mm each - first coat is called rough coat Three coat - after two coats, third coat is applied 5 days after the 2nd coat - thickness not exceeding 3mm - Lime and sand ratio in the mortar is 1:2

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Cement plaster: Ideal coating for external renderings Specially suited for damp conditions Usually applied in one coat. Thickness of the coat can be 12mm, 15mm or 20mm When more than 15mm plaster is applied in two coats for finer finish Two coats
First coat surface is roughened with scratching tool to form a key for the 2nd coat 2nd coat is applied within 48 hrs Plaster is cured for at least 7 days Cement sand ratio is 1:3 or 1:4

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Mud plastering: Commonly seen in villages Cheapest form of plastering Mud should be free from grass roots, gravels, stones, grits etc. Applied in two coats: first coat 18mm and second coat 6mm Stucco plastering: Decorative type of plaster which gives an excellent finish Can be used for both interior and exterior surfaces

Stucco for interior walls: Three coats total thickness 25mm 1st coat = scratch coat = lime plaster = 12mm thick 2nd coat = brown coat = lime plaster (richer lime) = 10mm thick 3rd coat = white/finishing coat = mixture of finest lime an well-graded white stone (marble or quartz) = 3mm thick

Stucco for exterior walls Three coats: scratch/rough coat - cement and sand ratio is 1:3 - hydrated lime 10% by wt is added to the mixture - 12mm thick 2nd/brown coat - same composition as rough coat - 10mm thick

finishing coat - cement and sand ration is 1:2 to 1:2.5 - white or colored cement may be used to obtain the desired shade - 3 to 6mm thick

SPECIAL MATERIALS USED IN PLASTERING

Plaster

of Paris: - calcium sulphate plaster obtained by heating gypsum - gypsum is slightly soluble in water, so, not suitable for external works Keenes cement: - hardest gypsum - white in color - used for highly decorative plastering and ornamental work

Barium plaster: - made from barium sulphate - applied as final coat to serve as protection around X-ray rooms Acoustical plaster: - normal plastering materials with gypsum mixture - two coats each 6mm in thickness

DEFECTS IN PLASTER WORK

Cracking: - old surface not being properly prepared - due to thermal expansion or shrinkage of backing materials - movement in plaster itself due to expansion (gypsum) or shrinkage (lime) - workmanship and method of application of plaster

Blowing or blistering of plaster: - swelling out beyond the surface - due to improper slaking of lime Falling out of plaster: - adhesion is not perfect - suction of backing material is not uniform - excessive thermal changes - bond between successive coat of plaster is not uniform - inadequate curing of the plaster

Efflorescence: - presence of soluble salt - absorbs moisture from atmosphere - appears on the surface as whitish deposits - removed by brushing and washing the surface

POINTING
Definition: pointing is defined as raking out joints in brickwork or in stone masonry to a depth of about 13mm and filling the same with mortar of slightly richer mix Preparation of the surface: - The joints as well as the wall surface is well washed and kept wet for a few hours before pointing

 Mortar: -

Lime or cement mortar is used Lime mortar equal part of lime and fine sand is used Cement mortar cement : sand = 1:2 or 1:3 Purpose of pointing: Protection against moisture Protection from weathering effect To increase the strength To give an aesthetic view

TYPES OF POINTING
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Flush pointing Cut or weathered or struck pointing V-grooved pointing Keyed or U-grooved pointing Tuck pointing Beaded pointing

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