Writing 2 – Week 3

 Purpose:
◦ To describe how something works
◦ To describe how something is done
◦ To state the reasons for some phenomenon
 Structure
◦ General Statements
◦ Description of each phase of the processes
 Linguistic Features
◦ General Participants
◦ Clauses of Action (Material Processes) – Simple
Present
◦ Sequence Markers
Describing a cycle
◦Metamorphosis
◦Water-cycle
◦Wedding Ceremony
Do you know how paper is
produced?
1. Cutting the trees,
debarking the logs
2. Pulping
3. Washing
4. Screening
5. Pressing & Drying
6. Cutting & Rolling

Paper
Producti
on
Process
General Statements

Paper is made of wood fiber. The

wood goes through several
stages of process before it
becomes a piece of paper.
 Stage One
To begin the process, trees are cut down from
the forests. They are made into logs, and
transported to the factory.
 Stage Two
At the factory, the logs are then passed through
a debarker, where the bark is removed. After
that, the bark-free logs go through chippers,
where spinning blades cut the wood into two
centimeter pieces.  Those wood chips are then
cooked with a mixture of water and chemicals.
The result of this process is the pulp.
 Stage Three
In the next process, the pulp is washed,
refined, cleaned and sometimes bleached,
then turned to slush in the beater.  Color
dyes, coatings and other additives are mixed
in, and the pulp slush is pumped onto a
moving wire screen.
 Stage Four
As the pulp travels down the screen, water is
drained away and recycled.   The resulted
crude paper sheet, or web, is squeezed
between large rollers to remove most of the
remaining water and ensure smoothness and
uniform thickness.  The semidry web is then
run through heated dryer rollers to remove
 Stage Five
The finished paper is then wound into large
rolls, which can be 9 meters wide and weigh
close to 25 tons.  Finally, a very sharp knife
cuts the paper into smaller rolls, and the
paper is ready for use.
 Simple Present
 Verbs of Action: Material Processes
 Passive Voices
 Sequence Markers
 Explanation  Procedure
◦ How something is ◦ How to produce
produced something
◦ Explain the ◦ Give guidance
processes ◦ Imperative
◦ Declarative ◦ Focus on “you”
◦ Focus on the thing
(the subject being
discussed)
 Sorting &
Collectin Separating from
g other items Drying &
Storing
Making the
porridge

Rolling &
Making new
product Pressing &
drying

Screening