THE PERIODIC TABLE

Dobereiners Law of Triads

Demerits
It was not applicable for all elements

The elements present in the triads did not show similar properties

Newlands Law of Octaves

Elements when arranged in increasing order of atomic weights show resemblance in their physical and chemical properties between the first and the eighth element.

Demerits

He did not leave gaps for undiscovered elements

The law was true only for the light elements but with heavy metals beyond K.

Mendeleeffs Periodic Law

Features of Mendeleeffs Periodic Table

He divided the elements into groups and periods.

He left gaps for undiscovered elements and also predicted their properties.

Properties of elements in a particular period show regular gradation from left to right.

Elements belonging to the same group showed the same valency.

Demerits
Position of lanthanides and actinides could not be justified

Some elements placed in the same subgroup did not show similar properties

Only arrangement by atomic no. would avoid all this

At certain places, an element of higher atomic mass had been placed before an element of lower mass.

Isotopes having diff. atomic mass could not be a given a separate position

Moseleys Periodic Table

Moseleys classification formed the basis of the Modern Periodic Table.

The Modern Periodic Law states that the physical & chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic nos.

G.R
Why are the physical & chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic nos. and not their atomic mass?

Because the atomic no. determines the electronic configuration and the valence electrons show the chemical properties of the element.

Features of Moseleys Periodic Table

He divided the elements into 7 periods and 18 groups.

The group no. of valence electrons indicate the no. of valence electrons and the periods indicate the no. of electronic shells.

Periodic Properties
Atomic Radius It is the distance from the centre of the nucleus to the valence shell Ionisation Potential It is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from the valence shell of an atom. Electron affinity It is the energy released when an atom accepts an electron in its valence shell. Electronegativity It is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself when combined in a compound

Periods and Groups

Period no. No. of atomic orbitals

Group No. No. of valence shells

In the modern periodic table

Trends in periodic properties

Decrease across period and increase down the group

Increase across period and decrease down the group

Non metallic

Atomic Radius Metallic Character Ionisation Potential Electron affinity

character Electronegativity

Summary
Periodic Table : The table in which the

elements are arranged in the increasing order of their atomic number is called periodic table. In periodic table, the vertical columns are called as groups and the horizontal rows are called as periods.

Types Of Elements in Modern Periodic Table:1 .Representative elements 2. Transition elements 3. Inner transition elements 4. Inert gases (or noble gases) The elements of the zero group, which is the 18th vertical column are known as Inert gases(or Noble gases).

Merits of the long form of periodic table: It is based on the atomic no. which is a

more fundamental property compared to atomic mass. The position of the element in the table is related to its electronic configuration. It shows regular changes in the properties of various elements when moving across a period or down a group.

Defects Of The Long Form Of Periodic Table: The position of Hydrogen is still not

satisfactory, as its properties relate to Group IA as well as to Group VIIA. It could not accommodate the Inner transition elements, i.e. Lanthanides and Actinides. A few elements are not arranged according to their electronic configuration.

Periodic Properties of Elements:

The cause of periodicity is the recurrence of similar

properties. Valency of an element equals to the number of electrons present in its valence shell. Valency in group remains same as we move down the group and as we move across the period valency first increases and then decreases. Metallic character increases as we move down the group and decreases as we move across the period. It is due to the gradual increase in metallic character of the elements that the Oxides of the elements become increasingly basic. Atomic size increases as we move down the group and decreases as we move across the period.

 The basic character of oxides increases as we move down the group and acidic

character of oxides increases as we move across the period. Electro negativity of elements increases across a period and decreases down a group. Electron affinity decreases as we go down the group and increases across a period. Ionization potential decreases as we move down the group and increases across a period.

Uses of periodic Table:

Simple basis of classification. Correlates position of elements with

electronic configuration. Easy segregation of elements. Separates elements in the table.

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