LTE Physical Layer

LTE Physical Layer

Power Levels - RS EPRE and RSRP

RS power per subcarrier and symbol

Two of the subcarriers in selected symbols in each Resource Block are used for RS from each transmitter. This gives a total of 100 RS Resource Elements in those symbols. [Note: Two subcarriers per symbol. For 10 MHz with 50 RBs there would be 100 RE/symbol that carry the Reference Signal] The RS power per subcarrier and symbol, called Energy per Resource Element (EPRE) in the standard, is 10*log 10 (Total no. of subcarriers) below the maximum total output power (assuming all subcarriers are at the same power level). Sample Calculation: Targeted RSRP = TxPowerLevel To be set baseBandToTxLoss(Aeroflex Specific) - RSRPDiff -85 = TxPowerLevel To Be Set - 23.7 - (10*log600) TxPowerLevel To Be Set = -85+23.7+27.7

TxPowerLevel To Be Set = -33.6

Power Levels - RSSI

1 PRB = 12 SC

1 in 3 Subcarrier carries LTE Reference Signal

1 Subframe = 2 slots

For 10 MHz BW = 600 Subcarriers 200 Subcarriers carry LTE Reference Signals Hence, RSSI = 10 * log (10) 200 [RSSI is -23dbm higher than RSRP]

Mobility and Connection Management

Power On

ATTACH
Allocate C-RNTI, S_TMSI Allocate IP addresses Authentication Establish Security Context

RELEASE
Release C-RNTI, RRC Connection Configure DRX for Paging

EMM-DEREGISTERED ECM-IDLE
RRC-IDLE
Release C-RNTI, S_TMSI Release IP addresses

EMM-REGISTERED ECM-CONNECTED
RRC-CONNECTED
Allocate C-RNTI Establish RRC Connection

EMM-REGISTERED ECM-IDLE
RRC-IDLE

DETACH

TRAFFIC

LTE Initial Access

UE Power Up Cell Search and Selection Derive System Information Random Access User Data

UE first finds Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS)

3 possible sequences to identify the cells physical layer identity (0,1,2) PSS located in the last OFDM symbol of the 1st time slot of subframe (#0)
UE synchronized on subframe level UE obtains Physical Layer Identity (0 to 2)

PSS repeated in subframe 5 and is synchronized on 5 ms basis

UE finds Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS)

168 different sequences to identify physical layer cell identity group SSS located in the same subframe of PSS but in the symbol before PSS
UE obtains Physical Layer Cell Identity Group Number (0 to 167)

UE knows the PCI for the cell now

Assuming physical layer identity = 1 and cell identity group=2 then the PCI for given cell is PCI = 3*(Physical layer cell identity group)+ physical layer identity = 3*2+1 = 7
0
Physical Layer Cell Identity (1 out of 504)

167

Identified by 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2

Master Information Block (MIB)

Master Information Block
UE decodes the MIB to get the cell information for system acquisition Periodicity of 40ms and repetitions made within 40ms
The first transmission of the MIB is scheduled in subframe #0 of radio frames for which the SFNmod4 = 0, and repetitions are scheduled in subframe #0 of all other radio frames

MIB contains DL bandwidth, SFN and PHICH configuration

System Information Blocks

System Information Block Type 1
SIB1 broadcasts common information to all UEs in the cell related to cell access parameters and information related to scheduling of other SIBs
Broadcasted in subframe # 5 in the SFN for which SFN mod 8 = 0. Repeated copies are sent in subframe # 5 for which SFN mod 2 = 0 . New copy of SIB1 is transmitted every 80ms as shown below

System Information Block Type 2

carries radio resource configuration information which is common for all UEs
Random access channel (RACH) related parameters Idle mode paging configurations Uplink physical control channel (PUCCH) and shared channel (PUSCH) configurations Uplink power control and Sounding reference signal configurations Uplink carrier frequency / Bandwidth Cell barring information

LTE Random Access

RACH is defined by 3GPP as an uplink, contention based, common transport channel. Typically used for random access transmissions and the transport of control information such as to register the terminal to the network under the following scenarios
Initial access RRC Connection Re-establishment procedure Handover DL data arrival during RRC_CONNECTED requiring random access procedure UL data arrival during RRC_CONNECTED requiring random access procedure For positioning purpose during RRC_CONNECTED requiring random access procedure;

Network knows when UE will send the RACH even before UE sends it because Network tells UE when the UE is supposed to transmit the RACH.
If UE fails to decode properly the network information about the RACH, Network will fail to detect it even though UE sends RACH

LTE Random Access Call Flow

When a UE transmit a PRACH Preamble, it transmits with a specific pattern and this specific pattern is called a "Signature".

LTE ATTACH

Basic State Machine

Power On

CS

CS

RRC Setup

HO

RRC Setup

HO: Handover
Packet Comm with Default EPS Packet Comm with Default EPS

CS: Cell Selection CR: Cell Reselection RD: Redirection

RRC Release

RD

RD

RRC Release

CR
Idle Idle

Paging

Paging

RRC Setup

RRC Setup

Packet Comm with Default EPS

Packet Comm with Default EPS

RRC Release

HO

RRC Release

eHRPD Signaling